USH 15:4 Eisenhower’s Cold War Policies

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Presentation transcript:

USH 15:4 Eisenhower’s Cold War Policies 34th President: Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953-1961) Republican Military hero from WWII Too costly to contain communism through small wars “Massive retaliation” Stop spread of communism through threat of massive nuclear strike Reduced size of army Increased nuclear arsenal from 1,000 bombs to 18,000 (‘53-’61)

15:4 Brinksmanship Eisenhower's critics called his policies “brinksmanship” Willingness to go to brink of war to force other side to back down Policy supported by Sec’y of State John Foster Dulles

15:4 The Taiwan Crisis (1954) Chinese nationalists still controlled Taiwan Communists in China begin shelling Taiwan to ‘liberate’ country Eisenhower sees Taiwan a “buffer” against spread of communism Sends naval forces to region Threatens use of nuclear weapons if China invaded Taiwan Chinese back down

15:4 Korean War Ends Eisenhower felt Korean War was too expensive Hinted to Chinese U.S. may use nuclear option Chinese back down July, 1953, armistice signed between the two countries No peace treaty has officially ended the war U.S. troops still in South Korea today

15:4 The Suez Crisis U.S. goal: prevent Arab nations from aligning with Soviet Union Egyptian army takes Suez Canal British and French troops invade Egypt (1956) Russia threatens attacks on British and French cities Eisenhower: Threatened nuclear force on Russia Convinced France and Britain to call off invasion Arab countries fall into Soviet sphere of influence

15:4 Covert Operations CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) Undercover operations in developing nations Nations with agricultural economies Stop spread of communism Many developing countries blamed capitalism and British imperialism on their backward status Chose Soviet side in Cold War CIA overthrew anti-U.S. govt’s

15:4 The Eisenhower Doctrine Pan-Arabism spreads in Middle East The idea all Arab people should be united in one nation Eisenhower fears Soviet influence U.S. policy: send troops to Middle East countries resisting communist aggression An extension of the Truman Doctrine to the Middle East