Contraceptive Methods: Preventing Pregnancy and STIs Options Choices Decisions

Contraceptive Methods Explain: There are three methods used to protect against unwanted pregnancy and/or STI transmission The first and best is always to remain abstinent and not engage in sexual intercourse of any kind. Abstinence is the developmental norm for students at this grade level. The second are called barrier methods. These are condoms and if used correctly can reduce the risk of pregnancy and STIs. The last are hormonal methods. They are provided to a person by a medical provider and they alter the hormone levels in a female to prevent pregnancy. Abstinence Barriers Hormonal

Abstinence Choosing not to have sex or waiting to have sex. 100% effective = 0 chance of pregnancy Sperm and egg have no opportunity to meet. Explain: Abstinence is the healthiest way for 5th graders to meet their goals and show respect for their minds and bodies. Abstinence is also the only 100% effective way to prevent unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. For people who choose to become sexually active at some point in their lives, it is important to know about methods to prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, but abstinence is the most healthiest choice for a 5th grader to make. Can prevent STIs, however some STIs can spread by genital contact alone.

Abstinence is… 100% effective against unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs)! Abstinence is 100% effective when it involves no sexual contact. Abstinence is also the developmental norm for students at this grade level.

Tips on Abstinence Talk Talk to your partner Plan Plan and practice what to say before a sexual situation comes up Avoid Avoid alcohol and drugs—they affect decision making Explain: Choosing abstinence and remaining abstinent is an important decision, but also one that can be difficult. Here are some helpful tips: 1.) Talk to you partner. If they are a true partner they will support your decision. 2.) Plan and practice what to say before a sexual situation comes up. It will be easier to stick to your plan of abstinence if you have planned out what to say. 3.) Avoid alcohol and drugs which may affect your decision making.

What are Contraceptives? Techniques used by the male or female to prevent pregnancy or sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. Contraceptives are also called birth control. Contraceptives are not 100% effective, but they can reduce the risk of STI transmission if used consistently and correctly. Notes: The CDC reports that the consistent and correct use of latex condoms reduces the risk for many STIs that are transmitted through genital fluids (chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis), reduces the risk of herpes and syphilis when the infected area is protected and may reduce the risk of HPV infection. http://www.cdc.gov/condomeffectiveness/brief.html

Barrier Methods Most common – male and female condoms Places a barrier between the sperm and the egg so that fertilization can not occur. Can be private and easy to carry.

Barrier Method: The Male Condom What is it? A thin tube that fits over a male’s penis. It is made out of latex, polyurethane, or lambskin. How does it work? The condom catches the semen. The sperm stays inside the condom and does not come into contact with the vagina. Is it effective? Condoms are about 84% effective Teacher’s Note: Lambskin or natural condoms do not protect against STIs. Since a natural condom is very porous the bacteria and/ or virus can get through. Remember…condoms reduce the risk of pregnancy and STIs, they do not eliminate the risk. They have to be used consistently and correctly in order to work.

Barrier Method: The Female Condom What is it? A nitril pouch that is inserted into the female’s vagina. How does it work? The male’s penis goes inside the pouch while it is in the female’s vagina. He ejaculates into the pouch, keeping sperm from entering the vagina. How effective is it? 79% effective If a person has a latex allergy this is a good option.

Hormonal Methods What is it? How does it work? How effective are they? There are many kinds - The Pill, Patch, Shot, Ring, and Implanon How does it work? Change the female hormone levels so no egg is released. How effective are they? All are 99% effective – 1/100 women will get pregnant a year. NO protection against STIs Requires a visit to the doctor Explain: Hormonal methods are different than barrier methods. The pill, one pill is taken every day for @ 21 days. During the last week a placebo ( or pill with no hormones is taken)

Your Rights… You have the right to…. Know your own body and make decisions about what happens to it. Require your partner to use birth control. Talk to a parent, guardian, or trusted adult about birth control . Talk to a medical professional about your birth control options. Change your birth control method.

What you need to know… A doctor’s visit for hormonal birth control is required The pharmacy can provide emergency contraception Youth 12 years of age or older can receive sexual health and reproductive services without parental consent.

Teacher’s Note: Teachers can stop at this point and conclude the PowerPoint. An introduction of contraceptive methods meets the CPS Sexual Health Education Policy requirements for 5th grade. If it is determined that it is developmentally appropriate to learn more in depth information about barrier and hormonal methods, teachers should continue with the rest of the PowerPoint.

Steps to using a male condom Get a male condom from the store or clinic. Get water based lubricant such as K-Y jelly. Check the condom expiration date. Check to make sure the condom package is not damaged or torn. Make sure there IS an air bubble in the condom package. With principal notification: demonstrate use of a male condom (see lesson plan for details regarding principal notification and condom demonstrations). If completing demonstration: Provide student groups with steps of a male condom activity sheet. Complete activity and check for accuracy.

Steps to using a male condom Open the condom package. Be careful not to tear the condom (don’t use teeth, scissors, or sharp nails). Check to see which way the condom unrolls. It should look like a sombrero, not a beanie hat. Place the condom on the erect penis. Squeeze the tip of the condom to press out air and leave a place for semen to collect. Unroll the condom all the way down to the base of the penis.

Steps to using a male condom Apply the water based lubricant. After ejaculation, hold on to the base of the condom. Carefully withdraw the erect penis from the vagina. To remove the condom, hold the base of the penis and slide the condom off (inchworm style). Keep the penis and condom away from the vulva. Wrap the condom in a tissue and throw it in the trash, not the toilet!

Steps to using a female condom Get a female condom from the store or clinic. Get water based lubricant. Check the condom expiration date. Check to make sure the condom package is not damaged or torn. Make sure there IS an air bubble in the condom package. With principal notification: demonstrate use of a female condom (see lesson plan for details regarding principal notification and condom demonstrations). If completing demonstration: Provide student groups with steps of a female condom activity sheet. Complete activity and check for accuracy.

Steps to using a female condom Put lubricant on the outside of the closed end of the condom. Find a comfortable position – lay down, squat, or put one foot on a chair. Squeeze the sides of the inner ring together and insert into the vagina like a tampon. With your finger inside of the condom, push the inner ring in as far as it can go – until it reaches the cervix. Pull out your finger and let the outer ring hang about an inch below the vagina.

Steps to using a female condom The erect penis goes inside the female condom. To remove the condom twist the outer ring to keep the semen inside. Gently pull the female condom out of the vagina. Throw the condom away in the trash, not the toilet!

Barrier Method: Condoms Pros Reduce risk of STIs and unwanted pregnancy Easy to carry Do not require a doctor’s visit Can be bought at a drugstore Free at most school based health centers or community centers! Cons Not as effective as abstinence Latex allergies (male condom) Can only be used once Can be used improperly Lambskin only protects against pregnancy

Condom Do’s and Don’ts NEVER… Never use oil-based products like Vaseline as a lubricant Never wear 2 condoms -- this does not double protect! Never leave air bubbles in condom while on ALWAYS… Always check condom expiration date Always use a new condom every time, the entire time- -do not reuse a condom Always use only water- based lubricants --KY jelly Always leave room at the tip for semen. Always wear condom when penis is erect Always hold onto condom while pulling out

Hormonal Methods PATCH RINGG DEPO SHOT IMPLANON Explain: All of these hormonal contraceptive methods require a doctor’s visit. Depo- Requires injection every 3 months Effectiveness > 99% with ongoing use. Side effects include: Increased apatite irregular bleeding possible risk of bone density loss Good method for younger adolescents Ring- The ring is insterted into the vagina by the female worn for 3 weeks and discarded, and a new ring is inserted 1 week later (28 day cycle) Patch- A new patch is worn each week for three weeks, during the 4th week a patch is not worn Implanon- A small flexible rod inserted under the skin by a medical provider. Can be used for 3 years. DEPO SHOT IMPLANON

True or False? If a female is interested in taking hormonal birth control, they should talk to a medical provider. True! A family doctor or the medical provider at a community clinic can help a person decide which birth control is right for them.

85-90% of couples will become pregnant. True or False? If no birth control is used, 75% of sexually active couples will become pregnant after one year. False! 85-90% of couples will become pregnant.

True or False? A girl can get pregnant the first time she has sex. True! Pregnancy can occur at any time, even while a girl has her period.

All birth control protects against STIs. True or False? All birth control protects against STIs. False! Only abstinence with no genital contact can protect against STIs. Male and female condoms reduce the risk STI transmission.

Hormonal Method + Condom= STIs or Pregnancy

What if….? Condom breaks A condom is not used A pill is missed Patch falls off You missed a shot Ring falls out A person was forced to have sex Explain: A person should get medical care (go to the doctor or call) if one of the following situations occurs. A medical provider will be able to offer the correct next steps for what that person should do. They may need to get tested for pregnancy, STIs, HIV and/or receive counseling services.

Emergency Contraceptive (EC) “Morning After Pill”-Plan B and Ella Take ASAP: within 3 days (Plan B), within 5 days (Ella) of unprotected sex Stops or delays ovulation, prevents fertilization or implantation Prevents at least 75% of pregnancies that would have occurred NOT “The Abortion Pill”-Mifepristone Persons 12-16 need a prescription, 17+ can purchase over the counter

Your Rights… You have the right to…. Know your own body and make decisions about what happens to it. Require your partner to use birth control. Talk to a parent, guardian, or trusted adult about birth control . Talk to a medical professional about your birth control options. Change your birth control method.

What you need to know… *Exceptions do apply. A doctor’s visit for hormonal birth control is required. The pharmacy can provide emergency contraception (peoples 12-16 need a prescription, 17+ can purchase) Youth 12 years of age or older can receive sexual health and reproductive services without parental consent. *Exceptions do apply. Notes: Youth 12 years or older can seek sexual health services without a parent’s consent. However, certain forms of emergency contraception, abortion procedures and results of tests that inform the patient of possible danger may be reported to a parent or legal guardian with informed consent of the minor.

Set your sexual limit Talk to your medical provider Tell your partner Plan ahead!