Chapter 7 Shock

Shock (1 of 2) Perfusion Adequate blood and oxygen are provided to all cells in body Circulatory system failure Not enough oxygenated blood is being supplied to every part of the body Can permanently damage body parts if untreated

Shock (2 of 2) Circulatory system has three components: Working pump (heart) Network of pipes (blood vessels) Adequate amount of fluid (blood) Circulatory system failure Pump (heart) failure Fluid loss Pipe failure (blood vessels)

Perfusion Triangle

Types of Shock Cardiogenic Hypovolemic Neurogenic Septic Anaphylactic Psychogenic

Recognizing Shock Altered mental status Pale, cold, and clammy skin Nausea and vomiting Rapid breathing and pulse Unresponsive in late stages

Care for Shock Treat severe and life-threatening injuries. Position victim on his or her back. Raise victim’s legs 6 to 12 inches. Prevent heat loss.

Anaphylaxis Immune system reacts violently to a particular substance Severe allergic reactions to: Medications Foods Insect stings Plant pollen

Recognizing Anaphylaxis (1 of 2) Skin Flushing, itching, burning Hives Swelling Cyanosis Circulatory system Weak pulse Dizziness Fainting

Recognizing Anaphylaxis (2 of 2) Respiratory system Sneezing Chest tightness Breathing difficulty Secretions of fluid Wheezing Breathing stops

Care for Anaphylaxis (1 of 2) Monitor breathing. Administer CPR if needed. Call 9-1-1 immediately.

Care for Anaphylaxis (2 of 2) If victim has epinephrine auto-injector, help with its use. Give antihistamine to prevent further reactions. Keep responsive victim sitting up.

Psychogenic Shock Once victim is lying down, responsiveness usually returns. If victim fell or has trouble walking: Check for head and spine injury. Call 9-1-1 immediately.