1. Injuries http://utpo.lf1.cuni.cz firstaid.lf1@gmail.czfirstaid.lf1@gmail.cz (password: firstaid) jana.heczkova@ftn.cz Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Theory and Practice of Nursing

2. SHOCK  Mechanism  Heart  Pump failure  Blood vessels  Pipe failure  Blood  Fluid loss  Causes  Bleeding  Burns  Head and spine injuries  Chest, abdominal and pelvic injuries  Heart attack  Asthma  Poisoning  …

3. SHOCK  Mechanism  Signs Initially:  Rapid pulse  Rapid breathing  Pale, cold, clammy skin, lips and nail beds  Sweating As shock develops:  Grey-blue skin (cyanosis), especially inside the lips  Weakness and dizziness  Nausea and possibly vomiting  Thirst  Breathing is shallow  Weak thready pulse As the brain‘s oxygen supply weakens:  Altered mental status  Restlessness and aggressiveness  Gasping for air  Unconsciousness

4. SHOCK  Mechanism  Signs  First aid interventions  ABCDE  Treat Cause  Treat for shock  Position  Prevent body heat loss

5. BLEEDING newborn baby 5 year 10 year 15 year adult Blood 700 1400 2000 3800 5000 volume (ml) 20% 140 280 400 760 1000

6. BLEEDING  External bleeding  Internal bleeding  Bleeding from body opening  Haemorrhage  Arterial  Venous  Capillary

7. BLEEDING  External bleeding  Internal bleeding  Bleeding from body opening  Gloves  Expose wound  Direct pressure

8. BLEEDING  External bleeding  Internal bleeding  Bleeding from body opening  Gloves  Expose wound  Direct pressure  Elevation

9. BLEEDING  External bleeding  Internal bleeding  Bleeding from body opening  Gloves  Expose wound  Direct pressure  Elevation  Pressure bandage

10. BLEEDING  External bleeding  Internal bleeding  Bleeding from body opening  Gloves  Expose wound  Direct pressure  Elevation  Pressure bandage  Pressure point

11. BLEEDING  External bleeding  Internal bleeding  Bleeding from body opening  Gloves  Expose wound  Direct pressure  Elevation  Pressure bandage  Pressure point  Tourniquet

12. BLEEDING  External bleeding  Internal bleeding  Bleeding from body opening  Gloves  Expose wound  Direct pressure  Elevation  Pressure bandage  Pressure point  Tourniquet  Amputation

13. BLEEDING  External bleeding  Internal bleeding  Bleeding from body opening  First Aid Interventions  ABCDE  Treat for shock  Position  Prevent body heat loss

14. BURNS  Thermal  Chemical  Electrical

15. BURNS  Thermal  Chemical  Electrical  First degree  Second degree  Third degree  Risk  Severity

16. BURNS  Thermal  Chemical  Electrical  First degree (superficial)  Second degree  Third degree

17. BURNS  Thermal  Chemical  Electrical  First degree (superficial)  Second degree (partial-thickness)  Third degree (full-thickness)

18. BURNS  Thermal  Chemical  Electrical  First degree (superficial)  Second degree (partial-thickness)  Third degree (full-thickness)

19. BURNS  Thermal  Chemical  Electrical  First degree (superficial)  Second degree (partial-thickness)  Third degree (full-thickness)  Risk  Severity

20. BURNS  Thermal  Chemical  Electrical  Stop burning  ABCDE  Treat Cause  Cooling  Dressing  Treat for shock  Position  Prevent body heat loss  First Aid Interventions

21. BURNS  Thermal  Chemical  Electrical  ABCDE  Treat Cause  Remove chemicals  Dressing  Treat for shock  Position  Prevent body heat loss  First Aid Interventions

22. BURNS  Thermal  Chemical  Electrical  Risk  VF cardiac arrest  Respiratory arrest  Muscle spasm  Safety!!!  Assess - CPR  Treat Cause  Cooling  Dressing  Treat for shock  Position  Prevent body heat loss  First Aid Interventions

23. HEAD INJURIES  Wounds  Fractures  Brain injuries

24. HEAD INJURIES  Wounds  Fractures  Brain injuries  Scalp  Facial

25. HEAD INJURIES  Wounds  Fractures  Brain injuries  Cranium  Base

26. HEAD INJURIES  Wounds  Fractures  Brain injuries  Concussion  Contusion  Compression  First Aid Interventions  Assess - CPR  Treat for shock  Position  Prevent body heat loss

27. SPINAL INJURIES  Responsive victim  Unresponsive victim  First Aid Interventions  ABCDE  Avoid unnecessary movement  Treat for shock

28. CHEST INJURIES  Injuries to the chest wall  Open  Closed  Lung injury

29. CHEST INJURIES  Rib fracture  Flail chest  First Aid Interventions  ABCDE  Treat Cause  Support chest wall  Treat for shock

30. CHEST INJURIES  Hemothorax  Pneumothorax  First Aid Interventions  ABCDE  Treat Cause  Seal the wound  Treat for shock  Position

31. ABDOMINAL INJURIES  Closed injuries  Open injuries

32. ABDOMINAL INJURIES  Closed injuries  Open injuries  First Aid Interventions  ABCDE  Treat for shock  Blow to the abdomen

33. ABDOMINAL INJURIES  Closed injuries  Open injuries  Penetrating wound  Protruding organs  First Aid Interventions  ABCDE  Treat Cause  dressing  Treat for shock

34. BONE, JOINT, MUSCLE INJURIES AND OPEN WOUNDS  Fractures  Dislocations  Sprains  Strains  Open wounds

35. BONE, JOINT, MUSCLE INJURIES AND OPEN WOUNDS  Signs  DOTS  D eformity  O pen wounds  T enderness  S welling

36. BONE, JOINT, MUSCLE INJURIES AND OPEN WOUNDS  Signs  CSM  C irculation  S ensation  M ovement

37. BONE, JOINT, MUSCLE INJURIES AND OPEN WOUNDS  First Aid Interventions  Rest  Ice  Compression  Elevation

38. Practice: Log-rolling technique

39. RESOURCES  National Safety Council; FIRST AID AND CPR.  Chapleau, W., Pons, P. (2007) EMERGENCY MEDICAL TECHNICIAN. St. Louis: Elsevier  Caroline, N. (2007) EMERGENCY CARE IN THE STREET. 6th ed. London: Jones and Bartlett  http://www.orthonurse.org/portals/0/spine%20trauma.pdf http://www.orthonurse.org/portals/0/spine%20trauma.pdf  http://www.itim.nsw.gov.au/index.cfm?objectid=B87D2A77-1321- 1C29-70E6185019A27B4E http://www.itim.nsw.gov.au/index.cfm?objectid=B87D2A77-1321- 1C29-70E6185019A27B4E