Columbian Exchange Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Middle Passage

Columbian Exchange Columbian Exchange; refers to the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World in the 15th and 16th centuries, related to European colonization and trade after Christopher Columbus's 1492 voyage

Columbian Exchange Five major exchanges between the two hemispheres Plants Animals People Culture Disease

Plants From Eastern Hemisphere to the Americas Coffee Citrus fruits Olives Onions Grapes Sugar

Plants From the Western Hemisphere to Europe/Africa Tobacco Potatoes and sweet potatoes Beans Corn Tomatoes Vanilla Peanuts

Animals From the Eastern Hemisphere to the Americas Cattle Pigs Horse Sheep Goats Dogs Cats Bees

Animals From the Western Hemisphere to Europe and Africa Llamas Alpacas Guinea Pig Turkey Bison

Disease Diseases were widely responsible for the deaths of Native Americans More Native Americans died from disease than any other reason Natives had never been exposed to diseases from Europe and Africa Diseases that would not necessarily kill Europeans/Africans were very deadly to Natives

Disease Diseases from Europe and Africa to the Americas Smallpox Tuberculosis Measles Malaria Whooping Cough Influenza Typhoid Fever

Impact of Diseases Hundreds of thousands of Natives were killed by disease 90% of Natives that were killed after the Columbian Exchange died from disease Drastically decreased the population of Native Americans in North and South America The deaths of so many Native led Europeans to search for a new source of labor

People Europeans decided to use Africans as slaves Removed or traded for millions of Africans between 1500 and 1800 Used as labor Sugar Plantations Cotton Plantations Tobacco Plantations

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Europeans decided to use Africans as a source of labor High population Already exposed to European diseases so less likely to die African slaves usually captured by rival tribes and traded to Europeans for goods or gold Transported to the America’s in the “Middle Passage”

Europeans decided to use Africans to replace a dying American Indian population.

Europeans removed millions of Africans between the 1500s and the 1800s.

Enslaved Africans were usually captured by warring ethnic groups or tribes and traded to European and American slave traders.

Slaves were traded in exchange for guns and other goods.

The “Middle Passage” was the slave’s voyage across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas.

Middle Passage Middle passage refers to the transportation of African slaves across the Atlantic in very tightly packed ships Unsanitary conditions Over population in the hull of the ships 10-15% of slaves died during the Middle Passage Roughly 2 million people

Culture Technologies Religion Language Written alphabet Farming equipment Weapons Architecture and building Religion Language

Religion Spain and Portugal introduced Roman Catholicism to Mexico, Central America, and South America Today the largest population of Roman Catholics is in Brazil England introduced Protestant Christianity to the United States and Canada Spanish and Christian missionaries developed to spread the idea of Christianity

Language Spanish is spoken today in Mexico, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama, Nicaragua, Honduras, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, and Paraguay English is spoken today in the United States, Canada, Jamaica, Bahamas and other Caribbean islands Portuguese is spoken today in Brazil