The Planting of English America Chapter 2 American Pageant (13th ed.)

Gimmie 3 steps North America (1600-1610) had 3 points of contact Spanish (Santa Fe) French (Quebec) English (Jamestown) England and Spain were buds…until Henry VIII

Elizabethan England Sought to spread Protestantism which led to conflict with Spanish Catholicism England’s efforts against Catholic nations (Ireland & Spain) created rivalry English attempts at colonization were made Sir Walter Raleigh and the “Lost Colony” of Roanoke Island (1587) Sir Walter Raleigh

3 points of contact in 1600s England & Spain’s religious “feud” Spain was better at colonizing in the beginning Turning point: Defeat of the Spanish Armada (1588) Philip II vs. Elizabeth I Spain lost their ambition

Eve of an Empire England had a population explosion Tradition of primogeniture 1st born son inherits all father’s land Younger sons out of luck Virginia Company chartered in 1606 by James I Look for wealth (gold) Jamestown Colony formed in 1607 First attempts were disastrous Captain John Smith No work, no food policy Fell on hard times 8,000 settlers only 1,200 survived

Jamestown skeleton Jamestown skeleton In 1996, archeologists working at Jamestown uncovered this skeleton of a young man they nicknamed "JR." JR was a European male, 5' 6" tall, between the ages of 19 and 22. We know that he bled to death from a bullet wound in his leg, but we don't know the circumstances of his death. Was he a gentleman, shot for treason? Was he a soldier? The answer remains a mystery, but JR's discovery illustrates how much early American historians have come to rely upon archeologists for help in reconstructing the colonial past. (Kenneth K. Lyons/Newport News Daily Press) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Trials & tribulations of settlement Disease First & Second Powhatan Wars “…a perpetual war without a peace or truce” ~VA Company Gentleman’s malady (greed)

Colonization of America Virginia’s cash crop? John Rolfe “father of the tobacco industry” (and Mr. Pocahontas) Good for the economy, bad for soil Set social, economic & political future in motion Tobacco created issues in Virginia Greed for land Slavery

Colonization of America Maryland Founded by Lord Baltimore High Catholic population Tobacco growers Act of “Toleration”: Christians welcome, Jews & non-believers subject to life termination

Colonization of America Carolinas were colonized together, but split in 1712 Traded with “Sugar Lords” in West Indies (Jamaica & Barbados) Adopted Barbados slave code (refer to page 36) Used slaves on rice plantations

Colonization of America Georgia – the “buffer colony” between English colonies and Spanish-controlled Florida Welcomed Protestants, but not Catholics Founded for people who were poor and in-debt

Commonalities between colonies Exporters (tobacco & rice) Indentured servants & slavery All run by English aristocrats No major cities due to agricultural influence No public schools Church of England dominant religious influence Confrontational with Native Americans