1. The Planting of English America, 1500–1733
Chapter 2
The Planting of English America, 1500–1733

2. I. England’s Imperial Stirrings
1500s Feeble English colonial efforts
1558 Elizabeth I, established Protestantism
Catholic Ireland sought Catholic Spain to eliminate English (Protestant) rule
Spain and England develop a rivalry

4. Table 2-1 p26

5. King Henry VIII

6. Queen ‘Bloody’ Mary I

7. Queen Elizabeth I Elizabeth I (1533–1603), by
George Gower, ca In
this “Armada Portrait” of Queen
Elizabeth I, the artist proclaims
her the Empress of the World.
She was accused of being vain,
fickle, prejudiced, and miserly,
but Elizabeth proved to be an
unusually successful ruler. She
never married (hence, the
“Virgin Queen”), although many
romances were rumored and
royal matches schemed.
Queen Elizabeth I
p25

8. II. Elizabeth Energizes England
1570s Francis Drake “sea dogs”.
English colonization
Newfoundland
Roanoke Island (NC) (1585) (‘The lost colony’)
Virginia
Most were ‘failures’ (non-profitable)
1588 England defeats “Invincible Armada”
End of the Spanish imperial dreams
England to becoming masters of the oceans

9. Sir Walter Raleigh Roanoke Island Tobacco
Sir Walter Ralegh (Raleigh) (ca. 1552–1618), 1588
A dashing courtier who was one of Queen Elizabeth’s
favorites for his wit, good looks, and courtly manners, he
launched important colonizing failures in the New World.
For this portrait, Raleigh presented himself as the queen’s
devoted servant, wearing her colors of black and white and
her emblem of a pearl in his left ear. After seducing (and
secretly marrying) one of Queen Elizabeth’s maids of
honor, he fell out of favor but continued his colonial
ventures in the hopes of challenging Catholic Spain’s
dominance in the Americas. He was ultimately beheaded
for treason.
p26

16. III. England on the Eve of Empire
Social and economic changes
“surplus population”
Enclosure movement
Geographic mobility
Primogeniture
Joint-stock company (1600s)

17. OPEN FIELD SYSTEM

18. ENCLOSED FIELD SYSTEM

19. England’s ‘surplus population’

20. IV. England Plants the Jamestown Seedling
1603 James I became king of England
The Virginia Company colonial charter
Charter gave settlers the rights of Englishmen
May, 1607 Jamestown, Va. was founded

22. Map 2.1 Early Maryland and Virginia
Map 2-1 p27

23. V. Cultural Clashes in the Chesapeake
First Anglo-Powhatan War (1614)
War ends, Pocahontas/John Rolfe married
Second Anglo-Powhatan War (1644)
Indians try to dislodge the Virginians
Powhatan’s Confederacy defeated by…
Disease
Disorganization
Disposability
“The three Ds”

24. Yellow Area, Native Land
1646 Treaty
Red Line, Colonial land
Yellow Area, Native Land

25. Powhatan

26. Pocahontas (ca. 1595–1617) Taken to England by her
husband, she was received as a princess. She died when
preparing to return, but her infant son ultimately reached
Virginia, where hundreds of his descendants have lived,
including the second Mrs. Woodrow Wilson.
Pocahontas (ca. 1595–1617)
p28

27. John Rolfe (according to a Disney movie)

28. VI. The Indians’ New World
Europeans disrupted Native American life
Horses
Diseases
Trade and Property issues
Religious and political challenges
Conflict and cooperation

29. Carolina Indian Woman And Child A Carolina Indian Woman and Child, by
John White The artist was a member of
the Raleigh expedition of Notice
that the Indian girl carries a European doll,
illustrating the mingling of cultures that
had already begun.
p29

30. Carolina Indians (1730s)
Carolina Indians German painter Philip Georg Friedrich von Reck drew these Yuchi
Indians in the 1730s. The blanket and rifle show that trade with the English settlers had
already begun to transform Native American culture.
p30

31. VII. Virginia: Child of Tobacco
Virginia develops a prosperous tobacco culture
“bewitching weed” and “King Nicotine”
North American slavery starts (1619)
Self-government is born in Virginia (1619)
The House of Burgesses
James I revokes charter
Virginia became a royal colony. (1624)

32. Advertisement for a Voyage to America, 1609
p31

35. FIRST VA. HOUSE OF BURGESSES

36. START the notes HERE!

37. VIII. Maryland: Catholic Haven
1634 Maryland founded by Lord Baltimore.
It was partly created as a refuge for Catholics.
Act of Toleration (1649)
Toleration to all Christians
Death to Jews and atheists
Those who denied the divinity of Jesus.

38. LORD BALTIMORE

39. Act of Toleration (1649)

40. IX. The West Indies 1655 England secures many West Indian islands
Sugar based economy
Enslaved Africans work plantations
Barbados slave code (1661)
Defined the slaves’ legal status
“chattel” (property)
Introduced to Carolina later

41. Sugar Plantation & Slaves

42. Slaves and Sugar Processing
Sugar Mill in Brazil, by Frans Post, ca. 1640
p33

43. X. Colonizing the Carolinas
s English Civil War
1670 Carolina created
Rice based export colony
Slaves imported to grow rice (African crop)
Charles Town busiest seaport in the South

44. Table 2-2 p34

45. XI. The Emergence of North Carolina
“Squatters” arrive
Separated from South Carolina (1712)
North Carolina like Rhode Island
More democratic
More independent-minded
Less aristocratic
Elimination of Coastal Indian nations
Tuscarora War (NC)
Yamasee War (SC)

46. An Iroquois Canoe In frail but artfully constructed craft like this, the Iroquois traversed the
abundant waters of their confederacy and traded with their neighbors, Indians as well as whites.
p36

47. The Longhouse (Reconstruction) This photo shows a modern-day reconstruction of an
Iroquois Indian longhouse typical of the kind built by many tribes in the Northeastern
United States and parts of Canada. Bent saplings and sheets of elm bark made for sturdy,
weathertight shelters. Longhouses were typically furnished with deerskin-covered bunks
and shelves for storing baskets, pots, fur pelts, and corn.
p37

48. XII. Georgia: The Buffer Colony
1733 Georgia colony founded as a buffer
From Spanish (FL) French (LA)
Settled by philanthropists (James Oglethorpe)
Settled by those imprisoned for debt.
Supported by British subsidies
Nicknamed "the Charity Colony”
Savannah was a melting-pot community
For all Christian religions

49. XIII. The Plantation Colonies
Maryland
Virginia
N & S Carolina
Georgia
England’s southern mainland colonies shared
Devotion to agricultural products
Slavery
Growth of coastal export cities
Religious (Christian) toleration

50. Map 2.2 Early Carolina and Georgia Settlements
Map 2-2 p35

53. p39