Towards a 100% Renewable Energy Supply “Renewables Working Together” WWEC 2017, Malmö Sweden – June 2017 Monica Oliphant AO Past President ISES Adj A/Prof University of South Australia

Overview Talk will discuss Renewables Working Together, especially issues relating to Variable Renewables as we move towards the 100 % energy supply target.

REN21 Reporting of changes in Global Final Energy and Electricity Production Between 2013 and 2015 the RE share of Global Final Energy Production went up 0.2%, (19.1% - 19.3%), that is 0.1%/year. (At this rate how long will it take to reach 100%?) 2015 2016

GLOBAL NEW INVESTMENT IN RENEWABLE ENERGY BY TECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOPED VS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, 2016, AND GROWTH ON 2015, $BN http://www.irena.org/DocumentDownloads/Publications/IRENA_RE_Capacity_Statistics_2017.pdf

2015 VRES Cumulative Installed Capacity by % of National Peak Load 32 countries that globally represent, • 89% of total installed VRES generating capacity • 87% of VRES electricity production

Currently, 24% of electricity in California is produced by intermittent renewables, with a nearly even split between solar and wind. Target is to increase this to wind and solar to 21% and 28%, respectively by 2030

13th May, 2017 RE peaks at 2/3 of California demand

ITALIAN DEMAND AND VRES EFFECT   RE has resulted in a strong reduction in demand but also in operating hours of high efficiency CCGT Conventional generation could be required to ramp up and down beyond flexibility limits if no storage The large share in RE required significant changes to the Italian energy system including, € 6B will be invested into transmission improvements over the next 10 years. Ancillary services market costs are close to € 2B/year (doubled with VRES introduction). Pilot electrical storage systems both for T & D networks are already installed or under installation. New market designs are being developed to provide further opportunities for RE investments There have been reductions in ghg emissions & energy imports, and increased job opportunities  

Growth of Large Scale Wind and Rooftop Solar in Australia (David Swift – AEMO)

South Australian Generation Mix and Wind Penetration by State   2005/06 to 2016/17 Post coal – May to August 2016

SA Demand Changes (David Swift – AEMO)

Benefits of good Co-location sites Example: Snowtown Wind Farm South Australia https://arena.gov.au/assets/2016/01/AECOM-Wind-solar-Co-location-Study-1.pdf

Benefits of good Co-location sites -2 Example: Snowtown Wind Farm South Australia Cost savings: Major savings can be obtained in the grid connection equipment and installation, operation and maintenance and development costs (including land costs, development approvals and studies). These savings are estimated at 3 to 13 percent for CAPEX and 3 to 16 percent for OPEX. https://arena.gov.au/assets/2016/01/AECOM-Wind-solar-Co-location-Study-1.pdf

Solar Reserve Copiapo, Chile 2 x 130 MW CSP & 150 MW PV Up to 260 MW of firm baseload http://www.solarreserve.com/en/global-projects/csp/copiapo

Benefits of good Co-location sites - 3 Heat map highlighting the best combined wind + solar resource locations (poor wind (<35% CF) and poor solar resource (<16% CF) locations removed) https://arena.gov.au/assets/2016/01/AECOM-Wind-solar-Co-location-Study-1.pdf

Benefits of good Co-location sites - 3 Heat map highlighting the best combined wind + solar resource locations (poor wind (<35% CF) and poor solar resource (<16% CF) locations removed) Geothermal Site – Innamincka Oil and Gas Site – Coober Basin https://arena.gov.au/assets/2016/01/AECOM-Wind-solar-Co-location-Study-1.pdf

Conclusion As electricity grids globally move in the direction of high penetration variable renewables in our transition to 100% RE energy system, action needs to be taken now to optimize the grid for the upcoming changes by making best use of RE technologies working together. Co-location is one of these options that the Ren Alliance could work on together to provide valuable Resource maps of potentially high capacity factor sites.

Questions? Renewables Working Together

INVESTMENT IN POWER CAPACITY – RENEWABLE, FOSSIL FUEL AND NUCLEAR, 2008 – 2016, $BN

Energy Storage Technologies

Co-location Benefits for Community Power Co-locating RE projects and getting high capacity factor and lower CAPEX and OPEX sites could mean much better pay back if Communities are able to go for such multiple RE sites. (This has long been the case in small community projects and Islands.) It is suggested that the Ren Alliance partners collaborate on developing a resource map of good sites for high capacity factor co-location round the world.