Test will be Friday October 28th!!! Chapter 5 Test Review Test will be Friday October 28th!!!

Excommunication To kick out of the church

Magna Carta Document that limited the power of the king over his nobles in England in 1215.

Serf Peasants who were considered to be part of the manor. Mostly farm workers.

Manor Large estate often including farms and a village. Ruled by a lord.

Feudalism A system in which land was owned by kings or lords but help by vassals in return their loyalty Government system during the Middle Ages CHURCH

Pilgrim A person who journeys to a sacred place

Apprentice An unpaid worker being trained in a craft or trade

Middle Ages The years between ancient and modern times. Started after the fall of the Roman Empire

Guild A medieval organization of crafts workers or tradespeople.

Clergy Persons with authority to perform religious services

Model Parliament A council of lords, clergy, and common people that advised the English king on government matters.

Crusades A series of military expeditions launched by Christian Europeans to win the Holy Land back from Muslim control.

Pope Urban II - What were his goals? He was the Pope that called all of Europe to fight in the crusades. His goals were: 1. to unite Europeans against a common enemy. 2. to get the Holy land under the control of Christians. 3. to allow Christian pilgrims to be able to visit Jerusalem and other religious site. 4. to gain power and prestige for himself and the Church

Joan of Arc - Who did she lead? What battle was she in? She was a peasant girl that took charge of the French forces and became a general. She fought in the Battle of Orleans. Under her command, the French defeated the English. She then led her forces to victory in other battles. The French saw her as a martyr after her death, which inspired them to many victories.

A Lord’s responsibilities He protected his people and lands. He ruled over the manor. A lord depended on the wealth of his manor. He made the rules and acted as the judge. He decided who would oversee the farming and other daily work. He collected taxes from the peasants who lived on the manor.

A knight’s responsibilities A knight would protect the king. A boy would be a squire, trained by a knight, before becoming a knight.

A serf’s responsibilities Serfs worked the fields and did what they were told by the Lord of the fiefdom. (basically a slave) They paid taxes to the Lord. They lived a very hard life. Peasants lived in one-room huts that often had only a single opening for a window.

Be able to explain the power structure during the Middle Ages. Church King Lords Knights serfs

Why did kings support new towns as feudalism declined? Kings began to support the new towns in exchange for money. Kings agreed to protect towns and made laws to help towns grow rich. With the money paid by townspeople, kings hired armies and used them to attack troublesome nobles.

What problems did new and growing cities face? Overcrowding and disease