The Age of Imperialism (1800–1914) Lesson 1 The New Imperialism

The Age of Imperialism (1800–1914) Lesson 1 The New Imperialism Learning Objectives Explain the political, economic, and social causes of European imperialism. Understand how technology and other factors contributed to the spread of imperialism. Describe the characteristics of imperial rule. Summarize the cultural, political, and social effects of imperialism.

The Age of Imperialism (1800–1914) Lesson 1 The New Imperialism Key Terms Imperialism protectorate sphere of influence,

Motivations for the New Imperialism Imperialism is the policy of one country's political, economic, or cultural domination over other lands and territories. Europeans built trading forts on the coasts of Africa and negotiated limited trade with China and Japan. Due to economic and military strength, European nations embarked on a path of aggressive expansion called the “new imperialism. Nations sought territories that provided them with raw materials to serve as markets for manufactured goods. The new imperialism expanded due to economic, political, military, humanitarian,

and religious reasons. Manufacturers expanded global markets so that they can increase the number of consumers.(bankers backed overseas expansion) Nationalism, politics, and militarism were the driving force for overseas expansion. Western nations acquired colonies for the prestige of ruling a global empire. Missionaries, doctors, and colonial officials believed they had a duty to spread Western civilization, which created a sense of racial superiority. The cultural heritage of millions of non-Westerners was destroyed because their societies were deemed inferior.

Motivations for the New Imperialism Need for Resources Drives Further Expansion Political and Military Causes Humanitarian and Religious Motives Social Darwinism’s Impact

Motivations for the New Imperialism The Netherlands played a leading role in the first phase of imperialism, from 1500 to 1800. The Dutch East India Company protected Dutch trade in the Indian Ocean and even had the right to make treaties and maintain its own armed forces.

Western Imperialism Spreads Rapidly From about 1870 to 1914, imperialist nations gained control over much of the world. Leading the way were soldiers, merchants, settlers, missionaries, and explorers. In Europe, imperial expansion found favor with all classes, from bankers and manufacturers to workers. Western imperialism expanded rapidly for a number of reasons.

Western Imperialism Spreads Rapidly Vulnerable Non-Western States Western Advantages Some Resist Imperialism Critics at Home

Western Imperialism Spreads Rapidly Western imperialists had powerful armies to keep control in their colonies. Here, British Army troops put down a rebellion in Bombay, India, in 1898. Support a Point of View with Evidence Does the artist who created this drawing favor the British or the Indians? What details in the image support your conclusion?

Types of Imperial Rule Direct Rule: France-. sent officials and soldiers from France to administer French culture on their colonies and turn them into French provinces. - Under both direct and indirect rule, the result was the same. Traditional rulers no longer had power or influence. Indirect Rule: Britain- British governor and council of advisers made laws for each colony and local rulers retained some authority and served as agents for the British. The British encouraged the children of the local ruling class to get an education in Britain in order to groom them to become agents of indirect rule.

Types of Imperial Rule Europeans carved out spheres of influence in China and elsewhere to prevent fighting among themselves. The United States claimed parts of Latin America as its sphere of influence, holding off European powers that might compete with its interest.

Types of Imperial Rule Direct and Indirect Rule Other Types of Imperial Rule

Types of Imperial Rule The French practiced direct rule in their colonies. Here, French soldiers speak with an Algerian man. Infer What were the costs and benefits of direct rule?

Colonies became dependent on markets in the industrial world. The Effects of Imperialism Western imperialism had an enormous impact around the world. It affected different places in different ways, but there were some common effects in colonized territories. - Political Changes: introduced European legal systems, drew up boarders that split ethnic and cultural groups Economic Changes: rulers tapped local mineral and agricultural resources, developed cash crops (rubber, cotton, etc.) Colonies provided raw materials for the factories so that European colonial powers could sell their manufactured goods to their colonies. Colonies became dependent on markets in the industrial world. To cover the cost of governing a colony, colo-nial powers imposed taxes on local people

Colonial governments and missionaries introduced improved medical care and better methods of sanitation. New crops, tools, and farming methods increased food production. People worked on large plantations, factories, and mines to earn cash. Social/Cultural Changes- Urbanization caused the decline of families living in close-knit villages. Christian missionaries urged converts to reject traditional beliefs and customs emphasizing the superiority of Western culture.

Benefits and Disadvantages of Improvements: Broke down traditional ways of life developed roads, railroads, and telegraph systems. Made travel easier/faster and created jobs that enabled people to acquire new skills. transportation systems allowed colonial governments to extend their control and encouraged the migration of workers. Colonial governments improved medical care, sanitation, new farming methods, and ended local warfare.

The Effects of Imperialism Cultural Changes Political Changes Economic Changes

The Effects of Imperialism Missionaries brought not only religion, but cultural change. Girls at this French missionary school in China learn Christmas carols. Analyze Context What evidence can you find in the photo that this is a missionary school?

Quiz: Motivations for the New Imperialism Which of the following BEST summarizes the causes of imperialism in the late 1800s? A. Westerners wanted to spread their religion, sell manufactured goods, and gain territory to compete with other countries. B. Westerners wanted markets for their goods and to attract non-Western workers for their factories. C. Westerners wanted to spread their religion and educate people. D. Westerners wanted to conquer as much land as they could because they needed more territory.

Quiz: Western Imperialism Spreads Rapidly How were Western nations able to expand their control over Asia and Africa so quickly? A. Their reliance on enslaved people gave them enough manpower to conquer Asian and African territories. B. They had strong governments, advanced economies and technology, and military power. C. They brought industry to Africa and Asia, setting up factories near the sources of resources. D. They adopted the traditions of the local peoples that they hoped to control.

Quiz: Types of Imperial Rule How do direct and indirect rule differ? A. Direct rule allowed for a European monarch to rule directly over the colony; indirect rule let the colonies rule themselves with no intervention. B. Direct rule set up a government ruled by the local people; indirect rule set up a government controlled by royal officials. C. Direct rule set up Westerners to rule over colonies; indirect rule allowed them to rule themselves with no intervention. D. Direct rule had European officials and soldiers to govern colonies; indirect rule used Western-appointed locals to govern colonies.