Maria João Valente Rosa International Migrations: better data for a better use Member Professor Founder Director Maria João Valente Rosa Member of the Executive Board European Statistical Advisory Committee Image Source: World bank Partner

Data about migration and migrants are a priority for everyone Why improvements of migration data are strongly demanded? Migration contributes to the population dynamics and to the evolution of demographic structures (e.g. age and sex) Migration contributes to labour market improvements and to social diversification across European societies Data about migration and migrants are a priority for everyone Migration is becoming a very relevant social, economic and political issue, at a country level and at the European level as well 1

ESAC ESAC (European Statistical Advisory Committee) shall assist the European Parliament, the Council and the Commission in ensuring that users’ requirements and the costs borne by information providers and producers are taken into account in coordinating the strategic objectives and priorities of the Union's statistical information policy. DECISION No 234/2008/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL- article 1 ESAC also takes position in a number of topical issues such as resources, migration and communication of statistics. ASSIGNMENT - ESAC *first two points: extract from the decision of the European Parliament and the council establishing ESAC Last point: extract from assignment ESAC 2

General interest Specific interest Research interest Classification of users: non-institutional users General interest Specific interest Research interest Journalists/media Citizens Students Teachers +++ Decision makers Policy analysts Experts in a specific field +++ Scientists Researchers Consultants +++ The Users of Statistics and their role in the European Society (ESAC,2015) Authors: Maurizio Vichi, Maria João Valente Rosa Co- author: Frances Ruane 3

those principles are not enough guaranteed in migration and migrants What do users need? Data information: Statistics and Indicators with high quality, accessible and understandable those principles are not enough guaranteed in migration and migrants data case But… CONCEPT 4

About the Concept UNIVERSE CLASSIFICATION CONCEPT SOURCES 4.a

migrants that are not migrants international migrations A world of situations can bias the concepts “migrations” and “migrants” legal situations illegal situations stocks and flows internal migration migrants that are not migrants (second generations) circulatory migrants (mostly labour migrants) international migrations (EU and non EU) Asylum seekers (+++) 5

Immigrant (EU context) Two possible ways of being considered a Migrant – FLOWS Immigrant (EU context) A person who establishes usual residence in the territory of a Member State for a period that is, or is expected to be, of at least 12 months (…). Emigrant (EU context) A person who (…) ceases to have usual residence in a Member State for a period that is, or is expected to be, of at least 12 months. https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/what-we-do/networks/european_migration_network/glossary/i_en 6

Foreign-born: the population born outside the reporting country Two possible ways of being considered a Migrant – STOCKS Native-born: the population born in the reporting country Foreign-born: the population born outside the reporting country Country of birth Nationals: the citizens of the reporting country Foreign citizens: the non-citizens of the reporting country Country of citizenship https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/what-we-do/networks/european_migration_network/glossary/i_en 7

Immigrant Surveys: immigration stocks: Different sources to capture stocks or flows - IMMIGRATION Surveys: immigration stocks: administrative registration (Austria, Belgium) household-sample surveys (Portugal, UK) population census (Germany, Luxembourg) (+++) immigration flows: Administrative registration (Germany, Spain) household-sample surveys (Portugal, France, Ireland) e.g. limited number of immigrants included in the samples; the nonresponse, which is usually higher among immigrants, especially among recent immigrants or immigrants with lower social background or poor language knowledge. Immigrant 8

Research interest Specific interest General interest Recommendations Improve Statistical literacy and more understandable definitions Harmonization of sources and concepts Research interest Specific interest Stimulate cooperation between NSIs, for interchange migration data. EUROSTAT can act as a bridge between NSIs, namely by facilitating a common Web repository about migration flows on Europe. Review the definitions and practices adopted by countries for the measurement (e.g. decide for the use ‘that is’ or ‘is expected to be’ to classify someone as migrant). General interest The message should be well communicated, understood and used by all (e.g. is usual in “media language” the use of ‘asylum seeker’ equal to ‘immigrant’, which is not correct). 9

Migration statistics as a priority Recommendations Migration statistics as a priority All users Migration statistics must be given even higher priority in the European Statistical System at European, national and sub-national levels (ESAC’s opinion, 2015). Longitudinal data and geographical breakdown (e.g. employment, education, social inclusion, active citizenship) in order to monitor the situation of immigrants and the real impacts of integration policies. 10

Maria João Valente Rosa International Migrations: better data for a better use Member THANK YOU Professor Founder Director Maria João Valente Rosa Member of the Executive Board European Statistical Advisory Committee Image Source: World bank Partner