1. International migration data sources and Geneva
recent developments in Turkey
M.Doğu KARAKAYA
TURKSTAT Expert
Population and Migration Statistics Group
Demographic Statistics Department
24th September, 2014
Geneva

2. CONTENT MIGRATION HISTORY OF TURKEY ADMINISTRATIVE SOURCES
DATA SOURCES
BRIEF CONCLUSION
TRADITIONAL POPULATION CENSUSES
ADDRESS BASED POPULATION REGISTRATION SYSTEM (ABPRS)
2011 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS
MAIN FINDINGS

3. MIGRATION HISTORY OF TURKEY

4. Migration History of Turkey
→ Emigration (Labour Migration)
→ Family Reunification
→ Return to Country
→ Immigration Country
Emigration Country  Immigration Country
transit migration
illegal migration
return migration

5. Administrative sources
Data Sources
Population Censuses
Administrative sources
Establishment of ABPRS (2007)
Annual statistics for foreign residents
Surveys
Low proportion of immigrants or foreigners
No survey on migration
No ad-hoc module in regular household surveys

6. Population Censuses in Turkey
History
first census in 1927,
second census in 1935,
every five years between ,
last traditional census in 2000
Totally 14 traditional population censuses.
Method
Traditional census method (face to face interview),
Standard questionnaire,
De facto population census definition,
One day application with national curfew (no permission go out).

7. Traditional Population Census
Place of birth →
Country of citizenship →
Place of permanent residence →
Place of permanent residence five years ago →

8. Population Censuses in Turkey Main Problems
No information on usual residence (de jure),
Over-counting (imaginary) population,
High cost
Duration of data processing around 3.5 years,
Restricted questions because of the one-day application,
Information on population size and their characteristics available within ten-year interval.

9. Changing the system from traditional census to register-based census
Target
Changing the system from traditional census to register-based census

10. ADDRESS BASED POPULATION REGISTRATION SYSTEM (ABPRS)

11. Address Based Population Registration System
Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS) was established in 2007
Purpose:
To establish National Address Database (NAD)
all addresses within the boundaries of the country
To establish ABPRS
information on place of residence of all people living in the country.

12. WHAT IS ADDRESS BASED POPULATION REGISTRATION SYSTEM?
Personal Information
Address
ABPRS
MATCHED personal information from MERNIS and addresses from NAD by using the Turkish Republic identification numbers

13. Updating the System ABPRS NAD MERNIS
Changes of usual residence address
Changes of address components
Burned and Demolished Buildings
Birth, death, marriage,
divorce
Construction Forms (new buildings)
ABPRS
Controlling the notification of the changes
NAD
MERNIS
Use of the agencies
Border changes of a settlement
Increasing the consciousness
Constructing new residential areas
administrative units
Changes of
Use for the services

14. Definitions Foreigners : Civil Registration Law mention in Art. 8:
“Foreigners who for whatever reason have obtained residence permit for aliens to remain in Turkey for at least six months period shall be entered in the Foreigners register”.
In addition the rules for the Address Based Population Registration System includes in the database foreigners residing in Turkey and defined as follows:
“Foreigners who reside in Turkey for a period of at least 6 months or come to Turkey with the intention of residing here for at least 6 months”.

15. Problems in Having Update Foreigner Data
Many foreigners have residence permits but not registered in the ABPRS
These are updated by using residence permits which are kept from General Directorate of Security
Leave the country although there is still a valid residence permit.
Still reside in the country illegally although duration of residence permit expired

16. Weaknesses of the ABPRS regarding to migration
The ABPRS only allows to estimate the stocks of foreign citizens
Not allowed to get information on:
flow statistics
arrivals of foreigners
Turkish citizens living abroad.

17. 2011 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS OF TURKEY (USE OF REGISTERS FOR CENSUS PURPOSE)

18. Why did we need a census ? Purpose
To obtain information that are not available in the ABPRS and other administrative registers or can not obtained from regular household surveys in province and district level. Such as labor force , characteristics of buildings and dwellings, migration characteristics, etc.
Legal base
The Official Statistics Program of TurkStat, and in line with EU Requirements

19. Topics Covered in the 2011 PHC
Indicators regarding to the immigration:
Citizenship,
Place of birth,
Place of usual residence one year prior to the census,
Place of usual residence five years prior to the census,
Reason for migration
Ever resided abroad
Year of arrival in the country
Foreigners constitute less than 1 percent of the total population,

20. Migration-related Topics Covered in the Censuses
Traditional censuses
2011 PHC
Definition for residency rule
De-facto
De-jure
Country of birth ü
Country of citizenship x1
Ever resided abroad x
Country of residence 1 year prior to the census
Country of residence 5 years prior to the census
1: In Turkey, the share of the foreign citizens in total population is less than 1%. During the analysis stage, it was determined that in the census sample, foreign citizens could not be very well represented.

21. Administrative Data Sources Compiled by Related Organizations
The Ministry of Interior
Turkish National Police
Min.of Labor & Soc.Security
Data on
Naturalization
Foreign Population
by Place of
Residence in Turkey
Border
Statistics
Asylum Statistics
İllegal Migration
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Visa information
Work Permits
Data on Turkish Citizens
Living Abroad
Resident Permits
Address Register
System

22. Establisment of a New Organization
General Directorate of Migration Management
Law on Foreigners and International Protection has been adopted in 2013 and entered into force in
By the Law, comprehensive, coherence and human-based migration management system has been established in Turkey.
This system is conducted by a civilian institution.

23. Establisment of a New Organization
General Directorate of Migration Management Responsibility :
for implementing policies and strategies related to migration and carrying out the tasks and procedures related to
regular
irregular migration,
international protection,
temporary protection,
stateless persons
protection of victims of human trafficking

24. New Structure of Administrative Organizations
General Directorate of Civil Registration and
Nationality
General Directorate of
Migration Management
Ministry of Labor and
Social Security
Data on
Naturalization
Foreign Population
by Place of
Residence in Turkey
Border
Statistics
Asylum Statistics
İllegal Migration
Ministry of
Foreign Affairs
Visa
information
Work Permits
Data on Turkish Citizens
Living Abroad
Resident Permits
Address Register
System
Turkish National Police

25. Administrative Data Sources
Summary of administrative data
Border Registers: lack of flow data on international migration
Residence Permits: Stock data on immigration
Asylum seekers
Work permits: (Very strong data source) data bank of foreigners working in Turkey
Data on naturalizations
Data on citizens abroad: limited information

26. BRIEF CONCLUSION

27. Conclusion
As Turkey is both a country of immigration and an emigration, there is a vital need for improving the data sources and statistics on international migration.
Statistics on international migration are insufficient
Most of the administrative data sources are traditionally used for administrative purposes only.
But,
the coordination between organizations
awareness about the importance of data need
accuracy
have been improved.

28. PLANS FOR THE FUTURE

29. Future Planning
There is high level of interest in TurkStat and related organizations
General Directorate of Migration Management (new),
Turkish National Police,
Ministry of Labor and Social Security,
General Directoratesof Civil Registration and Nationality
Ministry of Foreign Affairs)
to improve international migration statistics.
The aim of these studies is to produce and disseminate comparable and reliable statistics on international migration with the EU standards.

30. MAIN FINDINGS

31. Immigration in Turkey, 1975-2011 Censuses
Period
Size of immigrants
% in total population
0,66
0,92
0,77
0,38 *
0,42
*between , the information is derived from the question "Place of residence 5 years prior to the census". In 2011, the information is derived from the question "ever resided abroad and year of arrival"

32. Foreign Born s based on Traditional Population Census
Stock of foreign born in Turkey, reported by Censuses
Census Year
Total number of foreign born
Foreign born (%)
1935
5.95
1945
4.43
1950
3.61
1955
3.52
1960
3.43
1965
2.88
1970
2.50
1980
1.94
1985
1.85
1990
2.01
2000
1.86

33. Stock of foreign-born in Turkey, 1935-2011 Censuses

34. Foreign Population Based on ABPRS Foreign population (%)
Stock of foreign born in Turkey, reported by ABPRS,
ABPRS Year
Total Population
Foreign Population
Foreign population (%)
2007
98 064
0.14
2008
0.15
2009
0.23
2010
0.26
2011
0.32
2012
0.37
2013
0.60

35. Foreign Population Based on ABPRS
The most common 10 foreign citizenship residing in Turkey according to the ABPRS,
Citizenship
2012
2013
Total
Germany
25 589
59 026
Syria
10 067
57 896
Iraq
19 124
31 138
Afghanistan
19 539
27 893
Azerbaijan
18 917
26 227
Russian Fed.
15 582
20 650
Iran
12 211
16 834
United Kingdom
9 309
15 999
Bulgaria
12 157
14 147
Georgia
15 653
13 475

36. Residence permits based on Administrative Registers
The number of residence permit by type of residence according to the administrative registers

37. Asylum Applications based on Administrative Registers
The number of asylum applications according to the administrative registers,
Asylum Applications by years
Number

38. Work Permits based on Administrative Registers
Distribution of work permits by years and sex according to the administrative registers,

39. Thank you for your attention !