5.3 *Warning: Some of the photos are graphic* The Civil War: Part I 5.3 *Warning: Some of the photos are graphic*

Vocab

Civil War Newspaper On Learn

Causes for Civil War Primary Sources on Learn John C. Calhoun video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oWXsb4mfqVo

Lincoln’s Quote “My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that. ”

Democrats v. Republicans 1860s Chart Who were the major leaders What did they believe concerning slavery? What area of the country did they live? What were their goals economically? culturally? Politcally?

War Chart North South Nickname Leader, Capital, States Reason for war Main Generals Advantages/ Disadvantages Goal, Overall Strategy Major Battles won Nickname Leader, Capital, States Reason for war Main Generals Advantages/ Disadvantages Goal, Overall Strategy Major Battles won

The Civil War The Civil War started in 1861 and ended four years later in 1865 618,000 men died Took more American lives than any other war in history. Divided the people of the US. In some families brother fought against brother. Left a heritage of grief and bitterness that declined very slowly and even today has not fully disappeared. Federal government proved itself supreme over the states.

5.3 *Warning: Some of the photos are graphic* The Civil War: Part I 5.3 *Warning: Some of the photos are graphic*

#16 Abraham Lincoln R (1861-1865) Tallest president First president to be assassinated Suffered from depression Kept things like notes, letters, and bills in his hat. Robert Lincoln (his son) seemed to experience a lot of assassination tragedy. His father was assassinated, he was an eyewitness to the assassination of Garfield, and at the Worlds Fair during the assassination of McKinley. His life was saved by the brother of Lincoln’s assassin. Had visions that foresaw his own assassination. Wrote his own speeches.

Confederate States of America (CSA) SC seceded on Dec. 20, 1860 SC was followed by TX, LA, AR, TN, MS, AL, GA, FL, NC, VA in 1860-1861 Jefferson Davis was elected president of the CSA. Began occupying federal buildings, post offices, forts and other federal government property

White House of the Confederacy Seal of the Confederacy

Northern View of Jeff Davis

Battle Research Fort Sumter 1st Bull Run Antietam Gettysburg Siege of Vicksburg Sherman’s March to the Sea Chancellorsville Chattanooga Appomattox Courthouse When was the battle Where was the battle What happened in the battle Why is the battle important Who won the battle

Fort Sumter: The War Begins Most of the forts in the South had relinquished their power to the Confederacy, but Fort Sumter was among the two that didn’t. its supplies were running out against a besieging South Carolinian army Lincoln chose to send supplies to the fort, However, to the South, provisions were reinforcements, and on April 12, 1861, cannons were fired onto the fort; after 34 hours of non-lethal firing, the fort surrendered. Northerners were inflamed by the South’s actions, and Lincoln now called on 75,000 volunteers; so many came that they had to be turned away. The Deep South (which had already seceded), felt that Lincoln was now waging an aggressive war, and was joined by four more Southern states: Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina. The capital of the Confederacy was moved from Montgomery, AL to Richmond, VA.

Explosion at Fort Sumter

Fort Sumter

Fort Sumter

North’s vs. South’s advantages Needs draw to win Most talented officers Robert E. Lee Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson Few factories Shortage of supplies Smaller economy Fighting for their own independence North Must conquer to win Huge population Standing army & navy Less talented officers Ulysses S. Grant Many factories More supplies Huge economy Large transportation system

Jefferson Davis vs. Abraham Lincoln Davis’ office is weaker Confederacy means weak national government Davis never really that popular Lincoln had an established government

Draftees First ever conscription law (draft) passed Rich could hire substitutes by paying Congress $300 – angered poor Draft riots (big one in New York City) Volunteers 90% of Union Army South started draft nearly a year before the north – also had privileges for rich. Those who owned or oversaw 20 slaves or more were exempt from the draft.

Buy Your Way Out of Military Service

Recruiting Irish Immigrants, NYC

Recruiting African Americans in NYC

NYC Draft Riots - July 13-16, 1863

NYC Draft Riots - July 13-16, 1863

NYC Draft Riots - July 13-16, 1863

The Civil War: Part II 5.4

Plans for Victory

Plan A: 90 Day War North thought war would last about 90 days Thought the Confederacy would be easily defeated July 21, 1861 – 1st Battle of Bull Run People came from nearby DC to watch the battle over lunch. They all thought the South would turn and run immediately. Stonewall Jackson leads Confederacy to victory North realized it would not be a short, easy war

Plan B: Anaconda Plan Suffocate the South with blockade Free slaves to attack Southern economy Seize Mississippi River - split South and control transportation Attack the middle by marching through Georgia and Carolinas Capture capital – Richmond, VA Engage as much as possible. Grind the South into submission.

George McClellan, Again! Lincoln’s Generals Winfield Scott Joseph Hooker Ulysses S. Grant Irwin McDowell George McClellan George Meade Ambrose Burnside George McClellan, Again!

The Confederate Generals Nathan Bedford Forrest “Stonewall” Jackson Nathan Bedford Forrest George Pickett Jeb Stuart James Longstreet Robert E. Lee

2nd Bull Run & Antietam Aug 1862 – Robert E. Lee defeats Pope at 2nd Battle of Bull Run Using Confederate victories as momentum. Lee heads North to win war Lee looses at Antietam Creek – Sep. 1862 23,000 casualties North wins, because they find Lee’s plans hidden as paper wrapped around cigars

Confederate Troubles At first, the South was winning the War, however they had problems South ruined by the war Transportation collapsed Supplies scarce South 30% of national wealth before the war, only 12% after Inflation hits Southern economy hard Due to lack of resources if the South was going to win, they had to do it fast

Emancipation Proclamation Jan. 1, 1863 - Freed the slaves in the Confederacy Slaves in the Union were not freed, so the only states it applied to were ones that did not recognize his authority. Lincoln was afraid that freeing slaves in border states would cause them to join Confederacy. However, since many slaves left their plantations, this undermined the labor and economy of the south Now, the war wasn’t just to save the Union, it was to free the slaves a well. Moral purpose (end slavery) to go with its political purpose (restore the union).

Gettysburg & Vicksburg July 1-3, 1863 – Battle of Gettysburg Meade vs. Lee 50,000 casualties Confederates retreat back south Turning point in war – mostly Union victories after this South retreated and left the Union July 4, 1863 - Vicksburg, MS Ulysses S. Grant Secures Mississippi

Sherman General William Tecumseh Sherman Told to march through GA Burned Atlanta “March to the Sea” – to Savannah Trail of destruction 1 mile wide Cut up railroads, burned fields, destroying everything

Civil War Atrocities Over time supplies ran low and the prisoner exchange ended Prison camps on both sides reached pretty horrible conditions Mostly due to mismanagement and the lack of supplies Prisoners were starved, and lived in filth The worst was the Confederate prison at Andersonville Built for 10,000, held 45,000 by the end. 30% died During the summer about 100 prisoners died every day Food was so scarce that prisoners fought each other for the few supplies that were available At Andersonville a stream that flowed through the prison named Sweet Water Branch was used at the sewer as well as for drinking and bathing. Disease was rampant and medical treatment was nonexistent

Survivors of Andersonville

End of the War Lee surrenders Appomattox Courthouse Apr. 9, 1865 – War over Terms – Confederate soldiers were not prosecuted for treason Solders could keep their horses Union provided food to the Confederate soldiers

The Hunt for John Wilkes Booth

Lincoln’s Assassination Apr. 13, 1865 – shot at Ford’s Theater in DC John Wilkes Booth Hopes to strengthen Confederate cause Part of a larger plot to kill many high ranking officials including the VP & Sec of State, but only Booth succeeded Lincoln dies next day (Apr. 14, 1865) VP Andrew Johnson becomes President Booth was captured after running to escape. Apr. 26, 1865 he was shot while trying to shoot his way out of a barn.

Reconstruction Lincoln’s Reconstruction Johnson’s Reconstruction 10% plan New State Constitution- needed to abolish slavery Freedman’s Bureau Johnson’s Reconstruction Allowed any state to join without 10% plan Pardoned southerners who swore loyalty Had to abolish slavery, and deny Confederate debt

Reconstruction Victories Rebuild the south 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments 1st African American political officials = nearly 600 black congressmen at state level, 16 at federal level!!

13th, 14th, and 15th Amendment What are 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendment? Why did we make these amendments? Are these Amendments still relevant today? Why or why not.

Reconstruction Failures Radical Republicans wanted to punish south = hot issue in Congress Johnson Impeachment (Radical Republicans try to get him out) Rise of Klu Klux Klan (KKK) Ulysses S. Grant = weak president & corruption in his cabinet

End of Reconstruction Election of 1876 = Tilden (D) v. Hayes (R) Election was very close = nobody won electoral college Created a special election committee to decide = behind close door decisions Deal = If they choose Hayes then Hayes will withdraw Federal troops from south Deal goes through and Reconstruction ends

Civil War Inquiry Unit