COMMONWEALTH INTRODUCTION POWERPOINT | PAGE 1 OF 26 See if you can guess which countries are represented on each of the following slides…

The national animal of this country is the tiger. COMMONWEALTH INTRODUCTION POWERPOINT | PAGE 2 OF 26 This country’s population makes up around a sixth of the total world population! Including its islands, this country’s coastline is over 7000 km (4300 miles) long, which is longer than the distance between London, UK and Entebbe, Uganda. The national animal of this country is the tiger.

COMMONWEALTH INTRODUCTION POWERPOINT | PAGE 3 OF 26

There are two official languages in this country: English and French. COMMONWEALTH INTRODUCTION POWERPOINT | PAGE 4 OF 26 Geographically speaking, this is the second largest country in the world… and has the world’s longest coastline, at around 200,000 km (125,000 miles), which is around two thirds of the distance from the earth to the moon! There are two official languages in this country: English and French. The average temperature in January in the capital city of this country is around -10 °C.

COMMONWEALTH INTRODUCTION POWERPOINT | PAGE 5 OF 26

The capital city of this country is called Nassau. COMMONWEALTH INTRODUCTION POWERPOINT | PAGE 6 OF 26 The capital city of this country is called Nassau. This country is made up of a large number of islands and is a popular tourist destination. The highest point in this country is around 63 metres above sea level. The name of this country sounds like the Spanish words for ‘low’ and ‘sea’ put together...

COMMONWEALTH INTRODUCTION POWERPOINT | PAGE 7 OF 26

This country has one of the busiest ports in the world. COMMONWEALTH INTRODUCTION POWERPOINT | PAGE 8 OF 26 This country has one of the busiest ports in the world. The name of this country means ‘Lion City’. This country is said to be the second most densely populated country in the world. The majority of the population live in flats (apartments) managed by the government’s Housing and Development Board.

COMMONWEALTH INTRODUCTION POWERPOINT | PAGE 9 OF 26

The official language of this country is Portuguese. COMMONWEALTH INTRODUCTION POWERPOINT | PAGE 10 OF 26 The official language of this country is Portuguese. The main religions in this country are Christianity and Islam. The capital city of this country is called Maputo, which shares its first letter with the name of the country…

COMMONWEALTH INTRODUCTION POWERPOINT | PAGE 11 OF 26

What do these countries COMMONWEALTH INTRODUCTION POWERPOINT | PAGE 12 OF 26 What do these countries have in common?

COMMONWEALTH INTRODUCTION POWERPOINT | PAGE 13 OF 26

The Commonwealth is a unique global family of 54 member countries. COMMONWEALTH INTRODUCTION POWERPOINT | PAGE 14 OF 26 The Commonwealth is a unique global family of 54 member countries. From Africa to Asia, from the Pacific to the Caribbean, from Europe and the Mediterranean to North America, the Commonwealth's membership stretches across all the world's continents and oceans and includes 1.8 billion people, or 30% of the world's population. Over half are young people aged 25 or under.

COMMONWEALTH INTRODUCTION POWERPOINT | PAGE 15 OF 26 The Commonwealth's member nations are characterised by remarkable diversity. They include Canada, the world's largest territory and Nauru, the world's smallest republic. They include Namibia, the world's driest country and Guyana which has some of the best conserved tropical forests. Many Commonwealth members are small; some are isolated island states, others are completely landlocked. Some of today's most rapidly industrialising countries, such as India and Malaysia, are members. But so too are Mozambique and Tanzania which, are some of the world's poorest. All of the world's major religions are practised within the association.

COMMONWEALTH INTRODUCTION POWERPOINT | PAGE 16 OF 26

Unit 1: THE BREAKUP OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE (AFTER WW II) INTRO.: BRITAIN CONTROLLED MANY NATIONS BEFORE WW II (1939-1945); AFTER WW II THEY LOST CONTROL OF THESE NATIONS

CLASS READING During the time period of world exploration, mercantile societies pursued colonization for economic gain and political prestige. The island nation of Great Britain was an unlikely candidate for predominance in this world politic; but, by the early 1900’s, Britain controlled one-fourth of the earth’s land and one-fourth of the world’s population. Under the banner of “The White Man’s Burden,” (Kipling), Great Britain set out to civilize the world in a British likeness. By midtwentieth century, the sun had set on the British Empire. This unit follows the rise and disintegration of the British Empire and the lasting legacies apparent today.

OBJECTIVE: Understand the impact of geography on the British Colonial Empire

TERRIFIC TERMS TO KNOW -British Commonwealth -empire -mercantilism -dominion -protectorate

COMMONWEALTH INTRODUCTION POWERPOINT | PAGE 18 OF 26

COMMONWEALTH INTRODUCTION POWERPOINT | PAGE 19 OF 26

COMMONWEALTH INTRODUCTION POWERPOINT | PAGE 17 OF 26 all Commonwealth members are united by certain agreed common values and principles; a common heritage and language. They share similar systems of law, public administration and education. As voluntary members of the association, the Commonwealth's members work together in a spirit of cooperation, partnership and understanding. At Commonwealth meetings, each member has an equal voice, regardless of size.

COMMONWEALTH INTRODUCTION POWERPOINT | PAGE 20 OF 26 The Commonwealth’s roots go back to the British Empire. Britain was sovereign over many nations (colonies) in the sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries; at one point covering a quarter of the world’s land area and population.

COMMONWEALTH INTRODUCTION POWERPOINT | PAGE 21 OF 26 Canada gained its independence from Britain, starting in 1867, and was followed by Australia, New Zealand and South Africa in the early twentieth century. These countries became known as the ‘British Commonwealth’.

DOCUMENTARY QUESTIONS Why did the nations that Britain colonized, like India, happy about independence by WW II? What three old industries started to decline during the 20th Century in Britain? Why? HW: How is colonization of a nation like India end up becoming a tragedy? HW: Describe Mahatma Gandhi’s opinion on British colonization

COMMONWEALTH INTRODUCTION POWERPOINT | PAGE 22 OF 26 After World War Two, many more countries in the British Empire wanted independence from Britain. In 1947 India and Pakistan became independent. In 1949 it was agreed they could be part of the Commonwealth without having the British monarch as head of state, and the modern Commonwealth was born.

COMMONWEALTH INTRODUCTION POWERPOINT | PAGE 23 OF 26 Over the next few decades independence was granted to most of the countries of the old British Empire. Many chose to join the Commonwealth. The Head of the Commonwealth is currently the British Monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, but the organisation is no longer known as the British Commonwealth. The UK has become an equal partner among the member states.

COMMONWEALTH INTRODUCTION POWERPOINT | PAGE 24 OF 26 Some countries have now joined the Commonwealth that have no historical ties to Britain: for example, Mozambique and Rwanda. What unites members is a commitment to shared Commonwealth values such as human rights, democracy and development. Decisions about membership are made by Commonwealth countries at the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) every two years.

COMMONWEALTH INTRODUCTION POWERPOINT | PAGE 25 OF 26 Sometimes countries are suspended from the Commonwealth if they are felt not to be upholding the principles of the organisation (for example, not having a democratic government). A body known as the Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group (CMAG) decides upon – and reviews – decisions relating to suspension.

That includes people like you! COMMONWEALTH INTRODUCTION POWERPOINT | PAGE 26 OF 26 The Commonwealth of Nations today has 54 member states who pledge to work together to promote diversity, development and democracy and to address global concerns such as education, health and climate change. The Commonwealth’s two billion citizens have an important role to play in carrying out this work. That includes people like you!

HEAVY QUESTIONS FOR THE CLASS -How do you think people viewed the British at the height of the empire? -What do you think it was like to be a British citizen during this time period? -What do you think it was like to be a native inhabitant living in a British colony during this time?