European Imperialism ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How did imperialism have different characteristics in different places?

TEKS and Objectives We will… I will… (1E) identify causes/effects of European imperialism (8C) identify major characteristics/impact of European imperialism (24B) describe influence of Queen Victoria (28B) explain role of military, transportation, communication, and medical advances on imperialism Summarize the causes and effects of European imperialism Analyze primary sources in order to explain Social Darwinism

What is Imperialism? Imperialism Political and economic control of one area or country by another more powerful country

Forms of Imperialism Colony Country governed by foreign power Protectorate Country has own government Under control of foreign power Sphere of Influence Foreign power claims exclusive trading privileges

Motives for Imperialism (e.m.p.i.r.e.) Economic Raw materials needed for factories Markets needed for manufactured goods Military Keep other countries from taking raw materials

Motives for Imperialism (e.m.p.i.r.e.) Political More colonies = more power Ideological Social Darwinism (racism) – idea that some people were naturally stronger/better than others “White Man’s Burden”

The White Man’s Burden By Rudyard Kipling Take up the White Man’s burden -- Send forth the best ye breed -- Go, bind your sons to exile To serve your captives’ need; To wait, in heavy harness, On fluttered fold and wild -- Your new-caught sullen peoples, Half devil and half child.

Journal Entry #30 PART 1: Do you think Rudyard Kipling is in favor of imperialism or against? How do you know? PART 2: According to the political cartoon, what is “The White Man’s Burden?” PART 3: Share

Motives for Imperialism (e.m.p.i.r.e.) Religious Spread Christianity Exploratory Find out what else is out there for the taking

What enabled Imperialism? Technological Superiority Europeans had better weapons Telegram made communication easier Improvements in Transportation Steamboat for traveling upstream Railroad for transporting people/goods

What enabled Imperialism? Advances in Medicine Better understanding of disease New vaccines Allowed for exploration of tropics Disunity Among Natives Europeans pinned people against each other

The British “Raj” (Reign) in India Government British unified India under a single system of law and government Created jobs and schools Introduced English Economy Built roads, bridges, and railroads Cottage industries hurt by competition of manufactured goods

The British “Raj” (Reign) in India Health More hospitals, new medicines, and famine relief Led to a population explosion without economic opportunities Society Indian culture deemed inferior to European culture Indians workers exploited

The British “Raj” (Reign) in India The Sepoy Rebellion (1857) Indian soldiers (“sepoys”) revolted against British rule British crushed revolt and took formal control of India Queen Victoria became Empress of India

European Colonization of Africa Suez Canal Provided shortest route from Europe to East Africa, India, and East Asia Revolt threatened European use of the canal British put down revolt and took over Egypt and Sudan

European Colonization of Africa The “Scramble for Africa” Diamonds, gold, and other resources discovered Europeans raced to colonize African Berlin Conference European powers met to divide Africa

Legacy of Imperialism in Africa Positive Effects Negative Effects Improved medicine and nutrition increased life-span of Africans (explosion of population) Modern transportation/communication (telegraphs, railroads, and telephones) Educational/occupational opportunities for small minority of Africans Destruction of African culture/values Africans deemed inferior to Europeans Exploited African workers New boundaries ignored tribal, ethnic, and cultural boundaries contributed to conflicts

“The Sun Never Sets on the British Empire”

The United States’ Empire (1900)

Imperialism in 1914