Tobacco

Smoking is directly responsible for approximately 90 percent of lung cancer deaths and approximately 80-90 percent of COPD (emphysema and chronic bronchitis) deaths About 8.6 million people in the U.S. have at least one serious illness caused by smoking. That means that for every person who dies of a smoking-related disease, there are 20 more people who suffer from at least one serious illness associated with smoking Facts about smoking

More than 16 million Americans are living with a disease caused by smoking Worldwide, tobacco use causes nearly 6 million deaths per year Cigarette smoking is responsible for more than 480,000 deaths per year in the United States, including nearly 42,000 deaths from secondhand smoke exposure Total economic cost of smoking is more than $300 billion a year, including: Nearly $170 billion in direct medical care for adults5 More than $156 billion in lost productivity due to premature death and exposure to secondhand smoke Facts about smoking

Addictive drug- a substance that causes physiological or psychological dependence Nicotine is the addictive drug found in tobacco leaves Nicotine is a stimulant- a drug that increases the action of the CNS, the heart, and other organs Other affects: raises BP, increases HR, contributes to heart disease and stroke Nicotine

Affects of Tobacco Abuse http://www.medicinenet.com/smoking_effects_pictures_slideshow/article.htm Smoke from burning tobacco is toxic and secondhand smoke is a Group A carcinogen Carcinogen is a cancer-causing substance Smoking and Cancer from the National Cancer Institute Cigarette smoking causes 87 percent of lung cancer deaths and is responsible for most cancers of the larynx, oral cavity and pharynx, esophagus, and bladder. Secondhand smoke is responsible for an estimated 3,000 lung cancer deaths among U.S. nonsmokers each year.

Tobacco smoke contains thousands of chemical agents, including over 60 substances that are known to cause cancer. The risk of developing smoking-related cancers, as well as noncancerous diseases, increases with total lifetime exposure to cigarette smoke. Smoking cessation has major and immediate health benefits, including decreasing the risk of lung and other cancers, heart attack, stroke, and chronic lung disease. Affects continued

Tar- a thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when tobacco burns Tar destroys structures that line the respiratory tract and protect against infection Tar destroys alveoli which absorb oxygen Smokers are susceptible to bronchitis, pneumonia, emphysema, and cancer Carbon Monoxide- colorless, odorless, poisonous gas; replaces O2 in the blood; increases risk of high BP, heart disease, and hardening of the arteries Tar & Carbon Monoxide

Cigars contain significantly more nicotine and produce more tar and carbon monoxide than cigarettes do Pipe cigar smokers have an increased risk of developing cancers of the lip, mouth, and throat Pipes and Cigars

Smokeless tobacco Tobacco that is sniffed through the nose, held in the mouth, or chewed Contains 28 carcinogens Delivers 2-3 times the amount of nicotine delivered by a single cigarette Causes leukoplakia- a thickened, white, leathery-looking spots on the inside of the mouth that can develop into oral cancer

Smokeless Tobacco causes Leukoplakia

Changes in brain chemistry- addictive properties cause the body to crave more of the drug as soon as 30 minutes after use; headaches, nervousness, trembling Increased respiration & HR- breathing becomes more difficult; irregular HR Dulled taste buds & reduced appetite Bad breath, clothes, hair, and skin smell Short-term effects

Chronic bronchitis- buildup of tar in the lungs causing chronic coughing and excessive mucus secretion Emphysema- difficult for lungs to absorb oxygen; use up to 80% of your energy to breath Lung cancer Coronary heart disease and stroke Long-term effects

Risks for Smokers and Nonsmokers Both users and nonusers breathe environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), or secondhand smoke, which is air contaminated by tobacco smoke Mainstream smoke- smoke exhaled from the lungs of a user, contains carcinogens, nicotine, and tar Secondhand smoke- smoke from the burning end of a cigarette, pipe, or cigar, has high concentrations of carcinogens, nicotine, and tar

Health Risks of Tobacco

Other Consequences Tobacco bring serious consequences for Teens: Legal- selling tobacco to persons under 18 is illegal Social- many people find second hand smoke offensive Financial- use of tobacco products is expensive Other Consequences

Effects of Smoke on Nonsmokers Environmental Smoke from Cigarettes and Cigars contain: More than 4000 chemical compounds 43 are identified as carcinogens Breathing 1st or 2nd hand smoke can cause Eye irritation, headaches, ear-infections, and coughing Every year 3000 people are diagnose with lung cancer from 2nd hand smoke Effects of Smoke on Nonsmokers

E-cigarettes are battery operated devices designed to deliver nicotine with flavorings and other chemicals in vapor More than 250 different e-cigarette brands are currently on the market E-cigarettes are often promoted as safer alternatives to traditional cigarettes, however little is known about the health risks of using these devices Testing of some e-cigarette products found the vapor to contain known carcinogens and toxic chemicals (such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde), as well as potentially toxic metal nanoparticles from the vaporizing mechanism E-cigarettes

Only a small dose of liquid nicotine is toxic and can be lethal less than one tablespoon of many of the e-liquids on the market is enough to kill an adult, and as little as a teaspoon could kill a child searchers are finding e-cig users experience diminished lung function, airway resistance and cellular changes Starter kits usually run between $30 and $100; The estimated cost of replacement cartridges is about $600 E-cigarettes