Physical and Chemical Properties Notes

Physical Properties of Matter Page 27 Physical Properties of Matter A property is a characteristic of matter. A physical property is a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of a substance. Examples: density (mass/volume), electrical conductivity, hardness, pH, state of matter, melting point, boiling point, scent and luster Density is the amount of mass in a given volume. Density = mass or D=m volume V The density of water is 1.0 g/cm3 pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is ranging in a scale from 0 to 14. The values are the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. neutral acidic (acid) 7 basic (base) 0 14 Most acidic Most basic High concentration Low concentration of hydrogen ions of hydrogen ions

Page 26 Draw the pH scale and label each item on it in its appropriate place on the scale and then classify each of the following materials as an acid or base in a three column table. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 pH Acid or Base Baking soda 8.5 Lemon 2 Ammonia 11.5 Milk 6.5 Soap 10 Drain cleaner 14 Water 7 Banana 5.2 Vinegar 2.8

Page 26 Draw the pH scale and illustrate each item on it in its appropriate place on the scale and classify each of the following materials as an acid or base. pH Acid or Base Baking soda 8.5 base Lemon 2 acid Ammonia 11.5 Milk 6.5 Soap 10 Drain cleaner 14 Water 7 neutral Banana 5.2 Vinegar 2.8

Physical Properties - States (Phases) of Matter Page 29 Physical Properties - States (Phases) of Matter A state of matter is the physical form in which matter exists. There are four states (phases) of matter : solid, liquid, gas and plasma. Matter often changes state when heat is added or taken away. A solid is a substance with a definite shape and a definite volume. The particles in a solid are packed closely together and maintain a rigid form without a container. They vibrate slowly against one another. A liquid is a substance with a definite volume, but not a definite shape. The particles in a liquid move faster and freely past one another, but are still close to one another. Liquids take the shape of the container they are in. A gas is a substance that does not have a definite shape or a definite volume. Gas particles move very fast and bounce off of one another. Gases fill the container they are in.

Milk toy car helium hydrogen water ice steam sugar salt pepsi oxygen On the top half of page 28 Identify whether each of the following are solids, liquids or gases in the table below. Milk toy car helium hydrogen water ice steam sugar salt pepsi oxygen Solid Liquid Gas

Milk toy car helium hydrogen water ice steam sugar salt pepsi oxygen On the top half of page 28 Identify whether each of the following are solids, liquids or gases in the table below. Milk toy car helium hydrogen water ice steam sugar salt pepsi oxygen Solid Liquid Gas Toy car milk helium ice water hydrogen sugar pepsi steam salt oxygen

On the bottom half of page 28 Compare and contrast the characteristics and the particle position and movement in the 3 common states of matter Solid Liquid Gas Shape Volume Particle Position Particle Movement Example

On the bottom half of page 28 Compare and contrast the characteristics and the particle position and movement in the 3 common states of matter Solid Liquid Gas Shape definite Varies – takes the shape of the container Varies – takes the entire shape of container; fills it up Volume Varies – expands to fill the entire container Particle Position Tightly packed together Loosely held; easily pass by one another Particles are not close to one another Particle Movement Vibrate slowly; almost nonexistent Medium speed Fastest; zooming by and bouncing off one another Example

Chemical Properties of Matter Page 31 Chemical Properties of Matter A chemical property is a characteristic that describes how a substance will interact with other substances during a chemical reaction. Common Chemical Properties Tarnishing – the reaction between sulfur in the air and metals. Rusting – the ability to rust - reaction between oxygen and metals. Combustibility – the reaction between oxygen and fuel that results in fire. Flammability – the ability to burn Reactivity – the ease and speed with which an element combines, or reacts (bonds), with other elements and compounds

reacts with base to form water Boiling point Page 30 Create a two-column table and classify each of the terms below as either a physical property or a chemical property. reacts with base to form water Boiling point density Taste reacts with an acid color flammability melting point luster reacts to oxygen solubility hardness odor reacts with water to form gas Physical Property Chemical Property

Page 30 Create a two-column table and classify each of the terms below as either a physical property or a chemical property. Physical Property Chemical Property Boiling point density reacts with base to form water Taste reacts with an acid color melting point reacts to oxygen luster solubility flammability hardness reacts with water to form gas odor