1. Properties of Matter

2. Objectives
Distinguish between the physical and chemical properties of matter, and give examples of each
Perform calculations involving density
Explain how materials are suited for different uses based on their physical and chemical properties, and give examples
Describe characteristic properties, and give examples

3. Physical vs. Chemical Properties
Physical properties are those that you can observe or measure
Examples: color, shape, odor, texture, mass, volume, density
Chemical properties are those that describe how a substance reacts or changes into a new substance
Examples: flammability, rusting, reactivity, combustible

4. Physical Properties Describe matter Found by observing or measuring
Remain constant for pure substances
Important physical Properties:
Melting point
Boiling point
Hardness
Strength
Ability to conduct electricity, magnetism, or heat
Physical State

5. Physical Properties
Melting Point: the temperature and pressure at which a solid becomes a liquid
Boiling Point: the temperature and pressure at which a liquid becomes a gas
Physical State: solid, liquid & gas
Density: is the measure of how much matter is contained in a certain volume of a substance

6. Density Is found by dividing a substance’s mass by its volume
It determines whether something will sink or float
Its units are g/cm3
Questions:
Does air have mass?
Can we find its density?
Lets play will it sink or float!

7. Density Problems
If 10.0 cm3 of ice has a mass of 9.17 g, what is the density of ice?
D = m/V = 9.17g/10.0 cm3 = g/cm3

8. Density Problems The density of oak wood is 0.7 g/cm3
If a 35 cm3 piece of wood has a mass of 25 g is the wood likely to be oak?
D = m/V = 25 g/35 cm3 = 0.71 g/cm3
Mostly likely it is oak.

9. Density Problems
The density of silver is 10.5 g/cm3. A bracelet made of silver has a volume of cm3. What is the bracelet’s mass?
D = m/V
m = D ∙ V = 10.5 g/cm3 ∙ 1.12 cm3 = 11.8 g

10. Chemical Properties Describe how a substance will react
Chemical properties also describe how a substance changes into a new substance
Some substance react very easily combining into compounds
Example: Magnesium
Others rarely combine with other elements
Example: Gold

11. Chemical Properties
Rusting: oxygen reacts with some metals forming a new substance known as an oxide
Reactivity: the ability of a substance to combine chemically with another substance
Flammability: the ability to burn
Combustibility: the ability to combust/explode