Culture Unit: Pairs with Ch. 4 of Textbook Population Notes Culture Unit: Pairs with Ch. 4 of Textbook

Population Concentrations Two-thirds of the world’s inhabitants are clustered in 4 regions – East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Europe Similarities between these regions: most people live near oceans or rivers, low-lying areas with fertile soil & temperate climates

Population Concentrations East Asia Almost 25% of world’s pop lives here 5/6 of people live in PRC (People’s Republic of China). Half of its people live in rural areas and work as farmer’s. Japan & South Korea: 40% of people live in three large metropolitan areas – Tokyo, Osaka, & Seoul. 75% of their pop live in urban areas & work industrial or service jobs South Asia Almost 25% of world’s pop Includes India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, & Sri Lanka India contains more than ¾ of South Asia’s population Most people are farmers in rural areas Only ¼ of total population lives in urban areas

Population Concentrations Southeast Asia Islands including Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Papua New Guinea, & the Philippines Largest concentration is on Java (in Indonesia) Europe Includes the European portion of Russia 1/9 of the world’s people live here ¾ of Europe’s inhabitants live in cities. Less than 10% are farmers. Other Clusters Largest pop cluster in W. Hemisphere is NE United States & SE Canada – runs along Atlantic Coast West Africa

66%

World Population Cartogram Cartogram: depicts the size of countries according to population rather than land area Fig. 2-1: This cartogram displays countries by the size of their population rather than their land area. (Only countries with 50 million or more people are named.)

Population Concentrations Sparsely Populated Regions Dry, cold, wet, or high lands

Population Density Population Density: the number of people living on a square mile or square kilometer of land Determined by dividing total population by its total land area

Natural Increase Crude Birth Rate (CBR): total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive A CBR of 20 means that for every 1,000 people in a country, 20 babies are born over a 1-year period Crude Death Rate (CDR): total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive Natural Increase Rate (NIR): percentage by which a population grow in a year Computed by subtracting CDR from CBR, after first converting from numbers per 1,000 to percentages If CBR = 20 and CDR = 5, the NIR is 15 per 1,000 OR 1.5% NIR excludes migration NIR Practice CBR = 30 CDR = 10

Natural Increase Rates Fig. 2-7: The natural increase rate (NIR) is the percentage growth or decline in the population of a country per year (not including net migration). Countries in Africa and Southwest Asia have the highest current rates, while Russia and some European countries have negative rates.

Crude Birth Rates Fig. 2-8: The crude birth rate (CBR) is the total number of births in a country per 1000 population per year. The lowest rates are in Europe, and the highest rates are in Africa and several Asian countries.

Total Fertility Rates Fig. 2-9: The Total fertility rate (TFR) is the number of children an average woman in a society will have through her childbearing years. The lowest rates are in Europe, and the highest are in Africa and parts of the Middle East.

Infant Mortality Rates Fig. 2-10: The infant mortality rate is the number of infant deaths per 1000 live births per year. The highest infant mortality rates are found in some of the poorest countries of Africa and Asia.

Life Expectancy at birth Fig. 2-11: Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live. The highest life expectancies are generally in the wealthiest countries, and the lowest in the poorest countries.

Crude Death Rates Fig. 2-12: The crude death rate (CDR) is the total number of deaths in a country per 1000 population per year. Because wealthy countries are in a late stage of the Demographic Transition, they often have a higher CDR than poorer countries.

Literacy Rate Percent of people that can read & write Shows level of development in a country

Population Pyramids Shows distribution of population by age & gender Demographic Transition: 4 Stages Low growth High growth Seen in less developed or developing countries Moderate growth Seen in transitional countries Seen in developed countries

Population Pyramids in U.S. cities

Rapid Growth in Cape Verde Fig. 2-17: Cape Verde, which entered stage 2 of the demographic transition in about 1950, is experiencing rapid population growth. Its population history reflects the impacts of famines and out-migration.

Moderate Growth in Chile Fig. 2-18: Chile entered stage 2 of the demographic transition in the 1930s, and it entered stage 3 in the 1960s.

Low Growth in Denmark Fig. 2-19: Denmark has been in stage 4 of the demographic transition since the 1970s, with little population growth since then. Its population pyramid shows increasing numbers of elderly and few children.

What type of Country is this? Birthrate – 54 per 1000 Literacy Rate – 26/10 Life Exp – 45/46 Per Capita income – $800 What type of Country is this?

Developing Niger

What about this country Infant Mortality - 4 of 1000 Literacy Rate – 99/99 Life Exp – 78/85 Per Cap income – $28,000 What about this country

Developed Japan

What about this country? Literacy Rate – 86/87 Life Exp – 67/75 Per Cap income – $7,600 Fertility Rate – 3.5 per female What about this country?

Transitional Brazil

Overpopulation & Population Decline What are the problems associated with overpopulation? Strain on food supply Overcrowding in cities Declining Birthrate Reasons: family planning, mandates by government Problem in some European countries Italy offer incentives to people in their country to have kids