1. Population Geography: WHERE AND WHY?
Distribution of World Population
Population Statistics
Population Pyramids
Demographic Transition Theory
Population Control
Overpopulation (Malthus and Neo-Malthusians

2. 3 important things More people than ever before
World population has increased at a faster rate after 1950’s than ever before
AND almost all population growth is concentrated in less developed countries (LDC’s)

7. Density Number of people occupying an area of land
Helps geographers to describe the distribution of people comparison to available resources
Arithmetic and physiological

8. Arithmetic Density – the total number of people per a unit of land area. (total # of people / total land area) AKA population density
U.S. 300 million people / 3.7 million square miles = about 80 people per square mile
Physiological Density – the total number of people per a unit of arable (farmable) land. (U.S. 445 persons per square mile

10. World and Country Population Totals
Distribution and Structure: 3/4 of people live on 5% of earth's surface!
Total: 7 billion on planet as of 2011
Current Population counter:
Five most populous regions and countries
REGION POP. COUNTRY POP.
East Asia billion China billion
South Asia billion India 986 million
Europe million U.S million
SE Asia million Indonesia 206 million
East N. Am million Brazil 168 million

11. The “inhabited world!”
Ecumene
Ecumene, or portion of the earth’s surface that has permanent human settlement has expanded to cover most of the earth’s land area.
Expansion of the Ecumene BC - AD 1900

12. Crude means: looking at society as a whole!

13. Total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people

14. Total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people

15. Natural Increase Rate: subtract CDR from CBR (CBR – CDR) after converting to a %

18. Birth Control Programs
One family/one child policies
Female infanticide
Social compensation fees
Sterilization
Loss of status
Termination healthcare/food coupons
Free birth control
Increased literacy

19. World Death Rates Infectious diseases Degenerative diseases
HIV/AIDS
SARS
Degenerative diseases
Obesity
Tobacco use
Epidemiological transition

21. Doubling Times
The doubling time is the number of years before a population will be twice as large as it is today.
World = 50
U.S. = 34
MDC = 543
LDC = 40
Honduras = 22
Belize = 19
Denmark = 700
Russia = never?

22. Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
Palestinian Territories
Fertility Rate
7.39
7.00
6.43
6.46
5.99
5.57
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
Amount of children a women will have on average during her child bearing years.
High infant mortality tends to result in higher fertility rates as families seek “insurance” for the loss of children.
U.K.
Total fertility rate
1.72
1.80
1.81
1.78
1.70
1.66
Africa
Fertility Rate
6.60
6.45
6.11
5.67
5.26
4.97

23. Infant Mortality

24. Adults and Children Living with AIDS, 2004

25. Demographic Transition Model
(check out pg 8)
The demographic transition consists of four stages, which move from high birth and death rates, to declines first in death rates then in birth rates, and finally to a stage of low birth and death rates. Population growth is most rapid in the second stage.

26. The Demographic Transition
1. Low growth – 3. Moderate growth
2. High growth – 4. Low growth
Population pyramids
Age distribution
Sex ratio
Countries in different stages of demographic transition
Demographic transition and world population growth

27. Demographic Transition Model
Stage one
Crude birth/death rate high
Fragile population
Stage two
Lower death rates
Infant mortality rate
Natural increase high
Stage three
Indicative of richer developed countries
Higher standards of living/education
Stage Four
CBR and CDR are at equilibrium or almost =
ZPG= Zero Pop. Growth
Most Northern and Western Euro countries

28. Rapid Growth in Cape Verde
Cape Verde, which entered stage 2 of the demographic transition in about 1950, is experiencing rapid population growth. Its population history reflects the impacts of famines and out-migration.

29. Moderate Growth in Chile
Chile entered stage 2 of the demographic transition in the 1930s, and it entered stage 3 in the 1960s.

30. Low Growth in Denmark
Denmark has been in stage 4 of the demographic transition since the 1970s, with little population growth since then. Its population pyramid shows increasing numbers of elderly and few children.

31. Stage One Pre-industrial
CBR and CDR high and fluctuate according to natural events and disasters.
Population is a constant and young pop.

32. Stage Two
Death rates drop… improvements in food supply, sanitation, etc.
Birth rates do not drop… causes an imbalance so there is a large increase in population.

33. Stage Three Birth rates fall Population growth begins to level off
Access to contraception
Increase in wages
Urbanization
Move away from subsistence agriculture.
Education of women
Population growth begins to level off

34. Stage Four Low birth AND low death.
Birth rates may drop below replacement levels (Japan and Italy) which may lead to negative population growth.
Large group born during stage 2 ages… creates a burden on the smaller working population.

35. Soooo…. A cycle in a way from 1 to 4
Difference= in Stage 1 CBR and CDR are high… in Stage 4 they are low.
Difference= total population of a country is higher in Stage 4 than in Stage 1

36. The Demographic Transition in England
Now Stage 4
Historically
Stage 1 – Low growth until 1750
Stage 2 – High growth
Stage 3 – Moderate growth 1880-early 1970’s
Stage 4 – Early 1970’s-present. Long time below the 2.1 Total Fertility Rate needed for replacement.

37. Problems with the Demographic Transition Model
based on European experience, assumes all countries will progress to complete industrialization
many countries reducing growth rate dramatically without increase in wealth
on the other hand, some countries “stuck” in stage 2 or stage 3
it is not an exact science!!!!!!!! (Possible Stage 5????)

38. Remember… Demographic Transition is not only dependent on CBR and CDR but also on in and out migration!!!!

43. Epidemiologic Transition
Stages 1 and 2
Infectious and parasitic disease.
“natural checks” according to Malthus
Stages 3 and 4
Degenerative and human created disease.
Increase in chronic disorders associated with aging (heart attack, etc)
Possible Stage 5
Reemergence of infectious and parasitic disease.

44. Population Shift

45. Overpopulation
When consumption of natural resources by people outstrip the ability of a natural region to replace those natural resources.

47. Thomas Malthus on Population
Malthus predicted:
population would outrun food supply
decrease in food per person.
Assumptions
Populations grow exponentially.
Food supply grows arithmetically.
Food shortages and chaos inevitable.

48. Population J-Curve

49. Population and Resource Consumption

50. The End (Look at stats on main page and then look at parts of the comic (pg. 2 and 3)