1. Chapter 2
Population
Key Issue 2

2. Key Issue 2 Where has the World’s Population Increased?
Population increases QUICKLY in places where….
More people are born than die
Population increases SLOWLY in places where….
Number of births exceed number of deaths by small margin
Population decreases in places where…
deaths outnumber births

3. Natural Increase
Geographers use 3 measures to examine population change
CBR: total number of live births in a year for every 1000 alive in society
CDR: total number of deaths in a year for every 1000 alive in society

4. Natural Increase NIR: Percentage by which population grows in a year.
Convert CBR & CDR into percentages
CBR of 20 = 2%, CDR of 5 is 0.5%
Subract CDR from CBR
2% - 0.5% = ______%
1.5% NIR

5. Natural Increase 2000-2010: World NIR was 1.2
Current population is over 7billion
What will the population be in 2 years?

6. Natural Increase Small percentage makes HUGE difference
2006 population:
6.6 billion x 1.2 NIR = 80 million people
(about 1/4 of US pop)
NIR affects doubling time = amount of time it takes to double a population

7. At current NIR rate of 1.2, global population will reach 24 billion by 2100

8. Natural Increase
Almost 100% of increased population is in LDCs: Africa, Asia, Latin America, Mid East
Exceeds 2% in most LDCs
0% growth in Europe (negative #)
Natural Population is declining (does NOT include migration)

9. NIR in LDCs

10. Natural Increase
Most of world’s additional people live in countries that CANNOT support them

11. Fertility
Highest CBRs are in sub-Saharan Africa (40), lowest in Europe (10)
TFR: total fertility rate measures average number of children a woman will have in her childbearing age (15-49)
Predicts future behavior
TFR in Sub-Saharan Africa = 6+
TFR in Europe = >2

12. Total Fertility Rate

13. Mortality
In addition to CDR, IMR and life expectancy are used to measure mortality
IMR: annual number of deaths of infants under 1yrs old, compared to live births
Highest IMR in sub-Saharan Africa, lowest in W.Europe

14. Infant Mortality Rate IMR exceeds 100 in Africa
10% of babies die before 1st bday
Reflects a country’s health-care system
Low IMRs have well-trained Drs, modern hospitals, medicine
Why does US have higher IMR than Canada & Europe????
Minorities & poverty often cannot afford good healthcare

16. Life Expectancy
Measures average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live
More favorable in wealthy countries (W Europe), lower in poor countries (Africa)
Western Europe = 70s
Sub-Saharan Africa = 40s

17. MDCs vs LDCs Natural Increase Rate Crude Birth Rate Total Fertility
Infant Mortality
Life Expectancy
ALL follow similar trends!!!!
MDCs vs LDS

18. Crude Death Rate Does not follow familiar pattern
Which has higher CDR?
US or Mexico?
Denmark or Mongolia?
Populations are at different states in the Demographic Transition (Key Issue 3)

19. Key Issue 2 Summary
Virtually all the world’s natural increase is concentrated in the relatively poor countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America. In contrast, most European and North American countries now have low population growth rates and some are experiencing population declines. The difference in natural increase between MDCs and LDCs is attributable to differences in CBRs rather than in CDRs

20. What is crude birth rate?
Total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people

21. With a partner… Analyze each map in Key Issue 2
Each of you comes up with a question comparing the data.
Ask each other your questions to be answered

22. What is crude death rate?
Total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society

23. What is NIR? The percentage by which a population grows in a year
(subtract CDR from CBR)

24. What is the NIR today?
1.2 for the first decade of the 21st century

25. When did global NIR peak?
1963 with a peak of 2.2%

26. About how many people are being added to the world’s population each year?
About 80 million people

27. Define doubling time Number of years needed to double a population
(assuming a constant rate of natural increase)

28. In what world regions is most growth occurring?
Clustered in LDCs
Africa, Asia, Latin America & the Middle East
NIR exceeds 2%
Negative NIR in Europe

29. Define total fertility rate
The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years (roughly ages 15 to 49)

30. Define infant mortality rate
The annual number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age compared with total live births

31. Define life expectancy
Measures the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live at current mortality levels