Urban Future 6 DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION WITH CITIES from 1970s to 2020s Lecture series Nov – Dec 2016 Paula Pennanen-Rebeiro-Hargrave, PhD, Urban Geography

UN-Habitat ROAP 2013

Source: UN-Habitat ROAP 2013

Source: UN-Habitat ROAP 2013

Source: UN-Habitat Sust Urb: A New Vision)

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A case of Sri Lanka

Planning for resilient settlements The case of Sri Lankan settlements after the Indian Ocean tsunami: Technical & normative collaboration between the government and the UN in support of renewed national urban policies and institutions Shelter, services and economic infrastructure provision as an entry point for city-wide planning and urban Disaster Risk Reduction measures Cities & Climate Change Asia-Pacific programme (CCCI) introduced a climate change mitigation and eco-city principles into City Development Strategies and planning tools 8 UN-Habitat Sri Lanka

Actions for resilience Project supported Institutions: created a “Disaster Resilient Urban Planning and Development Unit in city councils Financing: as a result, additional funding allocated for implementation of small scale DRR activities & infra by communities and authorities against vulnerability Capacity development: training on "Integrating DRR into Urban Planning and Development" for urban planners and local elected officials 9

Cities & Climate Change prog. – Action examples  vertical & horizontal integration of local climate change plans and actions in local politics & planning Based on CCCI process model and sector dimensions: Vulnerability Assessments Action Planning and Strategic Planning Project investments Cooperation at the national level & city-to-city Economically feasible measures in the local context 10

Scale up & integration of actions  National Climate Change Policy Include urban dimension and the role of local government New multi-sector partnerships Financing for local priority actions  National Urban Policy Mainstreaming climate dimension into urban policy Rolling out national actions Structured collaboration with local governments

Planning for resilient settlements - Nepal Pre-earthquake Nepal: The strategic, fertile location of Kathmandu Valley created its historic cities, now an urban agglomeration of 6.7 m people ++ Market towns along hill trails, such as Pokhara Terai towns in southern plains emerged as a gateway to India; grew through urbanisation of the hill people in 1970s-80s Paula Pennanen-Rebeiro 2012

Urbanisation in Nepal

Urban challenges in Nepal Climate change threatening economic growth and well-being (Nepal Climate Change Policy 2011, National Shelter Policy 2012)  Government needs policy enforcement support Rapid unplanned urbanisation increasing flood and earthquake damages in cities  Cities need better disasters risk planning Because of the high poverty rate, development focus remains on poverty reduction 14

Joint UN - EU response Green Homes project 2013-2016: housing solutions which reduce the consumption of natural resources and produce less harmful emissions and waste when manufactured. - Significance? housing is a major sector of employment and economy in Ktm Valley, but also the major source of pollution and disaster risks opportunity to make the core development investments more ‘green’ by effective construction sector policy & regulatory guidance, and reduce poverty by sustainable, productive employment creation

Nepal’s housing technology constraints Construction markets are unfavourable for local green building technologies – cheap, dangerous, unsustainable imports, and no gov. policy guidance Limited capacity of small & medium-size enterprises (SMEs) to increase their own competitiveness – very low education & skills levels, brain-drain,… Low level of consumer knowledge on local green technologies – poor consumer awareness & demand

Goals of ‘Green Homes’ project Create a favourable national and local policy environment that promotes sustainable, resilient technologies often produced locally Strengthen SMEs and their supply chains to increase competitiveness of local green products Increase public awareness and demand for sustainable housing products and designs

Green techniques: Five focus areas

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A news piece… New Global Alliance for Urban Crises announced, putting cities on the humanitarian map: UN USG & Emergency Relief Coordinator Stephen O’Brien announced [on 19 Feb] that a new Global Alliance for Urban Crises will be launched at the upcoming World Humanitarian Summit, in Istanbul on 23-24 May. “Through initiatives like this one, we can harness the potential that towns and cities have to be disaster-resilient hubs, and safe havens for those who have fled conflicts and disasters. There is no doubt that people in urban settings are a key part of this solution,” said the USG. Photo: UNICEF-Marco Dormin