1. Urban Future 8 DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION WITH CITIES from 1970s to 2020s
Lecture series Nov – Dec 2016
Paula Pennanen-Rebeiro-Hargrave, PhD in Urban Geography

2. Climate change adaptation & cities
Climate change and urban resilience
Climate change has negative impacts on cities, urban economy sectors, ecosystems and livelihoods. The poor are most severely affected. Local initiatives are often disconnected from national action plans. 2

3. Cities & Climate Change Programme
The objective of the Asia-Pacific CCCI is to enhance capacities of local & national governments to prepare and implement comprehensive climate change strategies and Action Plans, in collaboration with communities and CSOs
… and to integrate climate-responsive urban dev. practices into National Policies, Strategies and legislative reforms
…plus to establish a CCC advocacy, knowledge, capacity building and networking facility for Asia-Pacific
Working in total 50 cities in 15 countries by 2014
Source: UN-Habitat Asia-Pacific 2014

4. CCCI approach 1 Global - UN climate process,
1 Policy & Advocacy
2 Tools
4 City Support
3 Institutions
1 Global - UN climate process,
Inter-Govt. Panel on CC,
UNFCCC Conference of Parties
1 Regional - Ministerial Conferences,
Regional organisations
2 Assessments, planning, leadership, data & knowledge development and sharing
3 Governance for CC response:
multi-level participation & implementation
Universities, prof. institutions
Source: UN-Habitat Asia-Pacific 2014

5. 2 Tools development
Knowledge Management Strategy Better documentation (web, publications), City2City, community of practice, Bangkok TA&KM hub

6. 4 Support to cities Capacity development of local governments
On-demand support to cities requesting TA and response to financiers’ demand for CC mainstreaming
City level work to build capacities: basic & advanced training of staff, training of “rapid response team”
National level support to climate change curriculum
Regional workshops for partners; IUTC South Korea - courses for local government staff and their training institutes
Global tool roll-out, mainstreaming CCC and tools in other training programmes, IHS Netherlands – ‘Urban Management tools for climate change’
UN-Habitat ROAP 2013

7. CCCI’s local planning process
Principles
Pro-poor, value-based, participatory
Prioritised: Most vulnerable people, places, livelihoods & sectors
City-driven capacity development support 7

8. CCCI plans and priority actions
‘Quick Wins’  ability to act and high common gains:
Drainage maintenance
Community disaster preparedness
EbA & urban agriculture pilots
Solid waste management
Medium…long-term actions:
Mainstreaming in valid plans
Resilient home upgrades
Climate-proofing of livelihoods
Rehabilitation of ecosystems
Resettlement
Infrastructure (retrofit / new)
Energy efficient public buildings & mobility
Stand-alone plans indicate commitment of stakeholders; while mainstreaming in “statutory plans” or changing the planning framework are more complex
Paula Pennanen-Rebeiro 2014 8

9. CCCI - Building resilience
The role of local government in adaptation
Comprehensive local CC policy & action
Administration/Governance
Economic Development
Emergency Services
Environmental Management
Health
Housing and Settlements
Human and Social Services
Solid Waste
Storm water and drainage
Transportation and urban infrastructure
Urban Agriculture
Urban Planning
Water and Sanitation

10. next...

11. Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA)
General awakening in Asia to the vulnerability of built environment to hazards and weather extremes
The UN strategy on Urban Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Cities – includes Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) – methods for resilience building through local and regional planning
Expanding on climate change support efforts with cities (mainstreaming CC in urban & regional planning)
 EbA is an important option for building urban resilience, mainly in the resource-poor LDCs and most vulnerable island states 11

12. Value of EbA for cities
Support to national and sub-national governments in their climate change work by providing technical assistance projects, capacity and policy advice:
Cooperation with authorities of five cities to reduce adaptation costs and contribute to building climate resilience of urban households through the use of EbA
EbA is part of an overall adaptation strategy: focused on pro-poor principles, risk reduction, increase in resilience by healthy ecosystem services while creating community employment
EbA is a method to combine social & env sust in cities at low cost at the local scale
Ecosystem services given an (under)estimate financial value
Classes of ecosystem services and benefits for cities 12

13. Value of EbA for cities
Complements conventional infrastructure methods by ‘soft’, locally manageable, low-cost alternatives that support (not eliminate) ecosystems’ adaptation capacities:
Improve food security, limit impacts of pollution & natural hazards, increase aesthetic appeal and economic and social potentials of cities, reduce management costs of engineered adaptation means
EbA methods can readily be integrated into participatory community-based and city/region adaptation methods & investment plans of cities 13

14. Case of Lami town, Fiji
Benefits increase when EbA is combined with policy and social measures:
Ecosystem-based Coastal Management integrates biodiversity conservation and the protection of ecosystem services to the people:
Comparative focus of ecosystems vs. infrastructure, including valuation of ecosystem services in the location
Carry out cost-benefit analysis of EbA and engineering options 14

15. Ecosystem service values in Lami over a one year timeframe
Source: CCCI Programme, UN-Habitat ROAP 2013 15

16. Cost-benefit analysis EbA vs. engineering
The point its that he greatest benefit-to-cost ratio is achieved with the “ecosystem maintenance” option in the case of Lami town, Fiji Island.
Source: CCCI Programme, UN-Habitat ROAP 2013 16

17. Case of coastal towns in Sri Lanka
Climate Resilient Action Plans for coastal areas
EbA is fully mainstreamed in the “Climate Resilient Urban Strategies & Action Plans”:
Water resource management (drainage, sanitation)  restore the lagoon ecosystem
Build a multi-purpose, protective green belt
Restore mangroves and coastal bio-diversity ….
+ Regulate land tenure, rezone land use;
+ Relocate most vulnerable households
+ Early warning systems
Source: UN-Habitat Sri Lanka 17

18. finally...

19. Conflict-free > Complex
UN-Habitat 2013

20. Conclusions What - the “big picture”
long way of cities and urbanisation to global development agendas…via several paradigms shifts
the “Urban Millennium” – SDGs, disasters & resilience
the next 20 years’ focus agreement – the New Urban Agenda of October 2016
How - the tools
recommendations on urban policy & strategy
complexities of spatial planning
resilience to disasters and climate change
participation to bring on people’s own capacities
Photo: UN-Habitat Nepal
Urban planning & dev is useful & fun, everywhere!