1. Sustainable development objectives and dynamics
Arl820s/arl821s: advanced regional and local economic development

2. outline
Sustainable development: goals and necessary conditions

3. objectives
To examine the in-depth the sustainable development goals adopted by United Nations Member States
To engage students and assess their understanding through interactive discussions

4. Sustainable development goals
Adopted by Member States of the United Nations in September 2015
Build on achievements of Millennium Development Goals:
Span the period
17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

5. Sdg 1: end poverty
Goal: to raise incomes for the poor, ensure access to services and protect against disasters
Importance for local governments: multi-dimensional view of poverty, responsibilities for service delivery and economic development strategies
Targets (2030): eradicate extreme poverty, halve the level of poverty, ensure access to basic services, build resilience for the poor

6. Sdg 2: end hunger
Goal: to ensure that everyone enjoys safe, nutritious meals throughout the year
Importance to local governments: management of natural resources, planning for waste-reduction and food security, tackling child malnutrition
Targets (2030): end hunger and malnutrition, double productivity and ensure sustainable food production

7. Sdg 3: healthy lives Goal: to help people live long and healthy lives
Importance to local governments: role of clean water and sanitation, HIV/AIDS prevalence, urban planning and public transport
Targets (2030): reduce maternal mortality, end child mortality, end epidemics, ensure better sexual and reproductive health care, reduce deaths from pollution and contamination

8. SDG 4: inclusive and equitable quality education
Goal: to enable everyone to study, learn and fulfil their potential
Importance to local governments: direct responsibility of local governments, ability to integrate technical and vocational education, reaching out to marginalised communities
Targets (2030): equal access, technical and vocational skills, education for sustainable development

9. Sdg 5: gender equality
Goal: to end violence and discrimination against women and children and offer them better opportunities
Importance to local governments: non-discriminatory service provision, addressing harmful practices against women, improving women’s access to land control and ownership, mainstreaming gender equality
Targets: end discrimination and violence against women; provide public services and infrastructure; enhance women’s participation; improve women’s access to economic resources

10. SDG 6: water and sanitation for all
Goal: to ensure that everyone has access to clean drinking water and toilet facilities
Importance to local governments: local government responsibility, cooperation between municipalities and regions
Targets (2030): safe and affordable drinking water, adequate and equitable sanitation, improved water quality and use efficiency, integrated water resources management

11. SDG 7: energy for all
Goal: To ensure everyone has access to green energy
Importance to local governments: ability to identify gaps in affordable energy access, investment in energy efficient buildings and green energy sources, transport and urban planning policies, smart city technologies
Targets (2030): universal access, renewable energy, energy efficiency

12. SDg 8: inclusive economic growth and decent work
Goal: to create decent jobs and economic opportunities for everyone
Importance to local governments: bottom-up approach to economic growth and employment, providing safe and secure working environments, tourism promotion
Targets (2030): creativity, innovation and formalisation; decent work for men and women; safe and secure working environments; sustainable tourism

13. SDG 9: resilient infrastructure and sustainable industrialisation
Goal: to ensure everyone has the infrastructure needed to connect with the rest of the world
Importance to local governments: ability to develop and maintain infrastructure, promotion of small-scale industries and start-ups
Targets (2030): resilient infrastructure, access to financial services, access to ICT and Internet

14. SDG 10: reduced inequality
Goal: to reduce the gap between the richest and poorest
Importance to local governments: ability to reduce inequality and promote political inclusion
Targets (2030): income growth; social, economic and political inclusion; social protection; migration policies

15. SDG 11: Inclusive, resilient and sustainable cities
Goal: to put cities at the heart of sustainable development
Importance to local governments: slums and the need for strategic urban plans, public transport, participatory urban planning, climate change, inter-governmental cooperation
Targets (2030): adequate, affordable housing and basic services; sustainable transportation and urbanisation; cultural and natural heritage protection; disaster and environmental impact mitigation; green and public spaces

16. SDG 12: sustainable consumption and production
Goal: to reduce impact on the planet by producing and consuming what we need
Importance to local governments: supporting supply chains, promoting sustainable production and consumption, establishing procurement criteria, raising citizens’ awareness, developing and implementing tools
Targets (2030): efficient use of natural resources; halve food waste; sound management of chemicals and waste; reduction, recycling and reuse; public procurement; awareness

17. Sdg 13: combat climate change
Goal: to deal with effects of global warming
Importance to local governments: bottom-up approach; integration into urban and regional planning
Targets (2030): resilience; awareness creation; climate change related planning and management

18. Sdg 14: sustainable use of oceans and marine resources
Goal: to protect coasts and oceans
Importance to local governments: pollution originates from land-based activities; location of large cities along the coast; discharge of sewage into water bodies
Targets (2030): reduce marine pollution; protect coastal ecosystems; conserve coastal and marine resources; provide access to marine resources

19. Sdg 15: ecosystem sustainability
Goal: to protect natural resources and wildlife
Importance to local governments: service providers, coordination of public-private partnerships, biodiversity conservation, community-based participation and management
Targets (2030): conserve freshwater ecosystems, restore degraded forests, halt biodiversity loss, integrate ecosystems and biodiversity into planning, mobilise resources

20. SDg 16: peaceful and inclusive societies
Goal: to keep people safe and ensure an effective working government
Importance to local governments: public accountability, participatory decision-making
Targets (2030): reduced violence; less corruption; accountable and transparent institutions; participatory and representative decision-making; information access

21. Sdg 17: strengthening implementation and global partnership
Goal: to work together to attain SDGs and the post-2015 Agenda
Importance to local governments: financing, policy formulation, partnerships,
Targets (2030): revenue mobilisation, policy coherence, global partnership, public-private partnerships, quality and reliable data, capacity building

22. Conditions for attaining sustainable development goals
Emphasis on cities, towns, neighbourhoods etc.
Local action
Citizen engagement
Fair distribution of resources and investment
Partnerships
Solidarity, dignity and peace

23. Discussion questions
Discuss the background associated with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Outline the 17 SDGs adopted by Member States of the United Nations.
Why are the SDGs important to local governments?
Discuss some major targets associated with the SDGs.
What are some necessary conditions for attaining the SDGs?

24. Open debate and discussion
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are over-ambitious and unlikely to be met by the 2030 target date.

25. review Sustainable development goals (SDGs) Goal 1 End poverty 10
Reduced inequality 2
End hunger 11
Inclusive, resilient and sustainable cities 3
Healthy lives 12
Sustainable consumption and production 4
Inclusive and equitable quality education 13
Combat climate change 5
Gender equality 14
Sustainable use of oceans and marine resources 6
Water and sanitation for all 15
Ecosystem sustainability 7
Energy for all 16
Peaceful and inclusive societies 8
Inclusive economic growth and decent work 17
Strengthening implementation and global partnership 9
Resilient infrastructure and sustainable industrialisation
Necessary conditions: emphasis on cities, towns and neighbourhoods; local action; citizen engagement; fair distribution of resources and investment; partnerships; solidarity, dignity and peace

26. reference
United Cities and Local Governments. (n. d.). The Sustainable Development Goals: what local governments need to know.