Ch 19: The Industrial Revolution

Section I: Dawn of the Industrial Age Industrial Revolution origins: began in Britain, shift from handmade to mass produced goods Impact on rural life: country villages grew into towns & cites, people moved from bldg everything to buying clothing & food produced by others

Section I: Dawn of the Industrial Age "new inventions": train, steamship, sewing machine, scientific firsts anesthetic: American dentist develops a drug that prevents pain during surgery

Section I: Dawn of the Industrial Age "the West": originally stood for industrialized countries in Europe Dutch influence on agriculture: built dikes, smaller fields, first fertilizers; British mixed soils, started farm journals, & began 3 field crop rotation

Section I: Dawn of the Industrial Age Lord Charles Townshend: urged turnip growth to restore soil Jethro Tull: invented the seed drill - deposited seeds in rows rather than scattering by hand

Section I: Dawn of the Industrial Age Enclosure: process by which rich landowners consolidated land which was communally farmed by peasants, driven by need for pastures for sheep Population boom? Pop. Soared from 5 to 9 mil in Britain during 1700s - due to surplus food, better hygiene & medical care, reductions in disease

Section I: Dawn of the Industrial Age Thomas Newcomen: developed the steam engine: powered by coal

Section I: Dawn of the Industrial Age James Watt: innovated the steam engine in 1764 & it led to advancements in transportation (RR & Steamships) The Watt: unit measure of electrical or mechanical power 1 horsepower = 745.56 watts

Section I: Dawn of the Industrial Age Matthew Boulton: shrewd manufacturer who formed partnshp w/ Watt, founded Soho Engineering Works to mass produce engines Abraham Darby: invented new way of using coal to smelt iron (separate iron from ore) Abraham Darby III: built first Iron bridge

Section II:Britain Leads the Way Why Britain? •population boom •jobless work force •migration to cities led to demand for goods •abundance of natural resources (ports, rivers, canals, supply of coal & iron)

Section II:Britain Leads the Way capital: $ used to invest in enterprise enterprise: a business or organization in the areas of shipping, mining, RR’s, or factories

Section II:Britain Leads the Way entrepreneurs: those who invest & assume the financial risk of new ventures "putting-out" system: in home industry whereby peasant families made a living spinning cloth for hire

Section II:Britain Leads the Way John Kay: inventor of the Flying shuttle: device which enabled workers to outpace spinners ending the putting out system

Section II:Britain Leads the Way James Hargreaves: inventor of the spinning jenny: device which spun numerous threads at the same time

Section II:Britain Leads the Way Richard Arkwright: inventor of the water frame: which allowed a spinning machine to be powered by water

Section II:Britain Leads the Way Eli Whitney: 1793 invented the cotton gin: that separated the husk from the cotton

Section II:Britain Leads the Way First factories? Inventions ended the putting out system & brought about the factory which was first built on streams to harness the water power

Section II:Britain Leads the Way Turnpikes: private roads built by entrepreneurs who charged a toll for the use of these roads to more safely & quickly move product to market

Section II:Britain Leads the Way Canal boom: built by entrepreneurs to more quickly connect inland towns with coastal ports for the further movement of goods to overseas markets

Section II:Britain Leads the Way George Stephenson: inventor of the steam powered locomotive which pulled carts along iron rails in the first form of mass transit over land

Section II:Britain Leads the Way Liverpool-Manchester: world’s first major railroad route from an inland factory town to a coastal port (1830)