Sport Injuries Matt Morris

Learning Outcome 2)  Know about a range of sports injuries and their symptoms

Starter Activity In your groups discuss the different injuries you have had and identify the symptoms of the injury… Break the inury down... Think about time, appearance, feeling...

Aims and Objectives Aims: To explore sports injuries and their symptoms. Objectives: To be able to list the different symptoms for different injuries To identify the different severity of effects in an injury To identify the different processes of sports injuries.

Dizziness / Loss of Balance Symptoms Redness Inflammation Discomfort Facial Expressions Bruising Headache Nauseous / Vomiting Loss of consciousness Dizziness / Loss of Balance Symptoms

What are the different types of Injuries? Impact Environment Overuse Injuries Chronic Injuries Fractures Joint Injuries Soft Tissue Injuries Skin Damage Concussion Dehydration Hypothermia Injuries in sport happen as a result of external force from outside your body or internal force from inside your body. External force There are two types: Impact with someone (tackle, collision, punch, kick) or something (landing hard, running into a post). These cause bruises, sprains, fractures, dislocations or concussion. The environment – very hot or cold conditions. Heat causes dehydration. Cold causes hypothermia. Internal force Very sudden, powerful movements can tear or strain muscles and tendons. Overuse injuries are caused by using a part of the body again and again and include golf elbow and tennis elbow. Chronic injuries happen when injuries are not treated or given time to heal. These can lead to arthritis. Fractures Closed - when the bone breaks but stays inside the skin. Open - when the bone breaks and comes out through the skin. Joint injuries Dislocation - when the bones of a joint are wrenched apart. Tennis and golf elbow - damage to tendons caused by overuse. Cartilage - which tears in the knee and can 'lock' the joint. Soft tissue injuries Sprains - when ligaments are overstretched or torn around a joint, eg twisted or sprained ankle. Strains - when a muscle or tendon is overstretched or torn, eg pulled muscle. Bruises - caused when blood vessels burst under the skin following impact. Skin damage Cuts - caused by impact with a sharp object. Grazes and blisters - caused by friction or rubbing. Concussion Caused by impact to the head, often knocking the person unconscious. Dehydration - caused by heat and a lack of water. Leads to headache, lightheadedness, pale clammy skin and muscle cramps. Hypothermia - caused by excessive cold. The internal body temperature drops leading to shivering, cold pale skin, shallow breathing, confusion and tiredness

Soft Tissue The repair of injured soft tissue such as muscle, actually commences within the first 24 hours following injury. One of the first signs that soft tissue is injured is the appearance of ______? Swelling can be very painful. This is due to the swelling creating pressure on the nerves surrounding the damaged tissue. Swelling occurs because the surrounding _____________ are ruptured. Allowing blood to bleed into the area and tissue fluid to gather around the injury site. The inured area will usually be red in appearance, because the blood vessels around the injured area dilate, which also has the effect of making the injured are feel hot. Swelling will result in a loss of ____________ 1)Swelling 2)Blood Vessels 3)Dilate – ‘make or become wider, larger, or more open’. 4)Function, Mobility and Movement

The level of the above signs and symptoms will be directly related to the degree of injury – the greater the degree of damage, the greater the effect of inflammation It is over a period of between 48 and 72 hours and up to 21 days that the repair is carried out with vigor by the body. The bodies clotting mechanism seals the end of a torn blood vessels so that further blood plasma cannot escape into the surround tissues.

As the immediate effects of injury subside, the healing/repair process begins. This consists of: Absorption on swelling Removal of Debris and Blood clot Growth of new blood capillaries Development of initial fibrous scar tissue

After 12 hours, and for the first four days, the cells become active and new capillary blood vessel buds form and gradually grow to establish a new circulation in the area. With the new blood supply the debris of dead cell tissues and the initial blood clot that was formed is cleared.

https://youtu.be/ONLH_wxEtLI Make a list of the different types of Injuries you see… Impact, Soft Tissue, Fracture, Concussion etc...

Task! Now I want you to Rank the different sports, into the Higher Risks of sustaining an Injury: Feel free to include any sport of your choice, and place them in your Ranked order. Be prepared to discuss as a group Football Rugby Golf Tennis NFL Gymnastics Boxing / MMA CrossFit Squash

Scar Tissue The damaged tissue is repared by ______________. It is important to remember that scar tissue has ’plastic’ properties. Scar tissue is not elastic it is muscle. It will form in a haphazard pattern of kinks and curls and will contract or shorten if not carefully stretched daily for many months after the injury. Who has had a dead leg? Plastic : It can be stretched and ‘moulded’

Scar Tissue Continued.. There is great need for the new scar tissue to form in parallel ‘lines’ to give it strength. Correct stretching cause the scar tissue to line up along the line of the stress of the injured structure. Therefore injured muscles or ligaments should be carefully mobilized and stretched daily (beginning five days after the initial injury). The stretching ensures that the scar is molded to the desired length and improve the strength of the healed area (scar), and thus reduces a recurrence of damage to the scarred area and injured structure.