Classes of Matter Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures  Matter can be classified as a pure substance or a mixture. Pure Substance: A substance in which there is only one type of particle. Elements and compounds are pure substances. Mixture: Two or more substances mixed together but not; chemically combined (bonded); can be separated by physical means. The components in a mixture may be in any proportion. When mixed the original components retain/keep most/all of their original properties.

Classes of Matter Matter Mixture Pure Substance Elements Compounds

PURE SUBSTANCE VS. MIXTURE

ELEMENTS A substance made of just one kind of atom.   The simplest form of matter Cannot be further broken down or separated. All atoms of an element have the same set of properties Represented by a chemical symbol Examples: Copper ( ), Hydrogen ( ), Sodium ( ), Oxygen ( )

COMPOUNDS A substance made of two or more elements chemically combined (bonded). The properties of the compound are different from the elements that make it up. Can only be separated by chemical means (i.e. chemical reaction). The amounts of each element in a compound are fixed. For example, in water (H2O), there are always 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom.

CaC03 (Chalk) Calcium Carbonate, Calcite Uses in the road, papermaking, plastic, rubber, ceramics, coating, paint, spinning and weaving, the cosmetics and so on... Limestone is calcite. http://www.anteromas.com/images/calcium_granular.jpg http://img.alibaba.com/photo/100236755/Marble_Chips_Caco3.summ.jpg

COMPOUNDS, Continued Represented by a chemical formula Examples: Water (H2O), Carbon Dioxide (CO2) The number which follows an element is called the subscript; it describes the number of atoms of the preceding element. In H2O, there are 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom. When there is no subscript following an element, that means there is only one.

Matter Pure Substance Mixture Element Compound Homogeneous Heterogeneous Examples: Iron Oxygen Hydrogen Examples: H2O NaCl CaCO3 Examples: Unopened soft drink, Vinegar, salt water Examples: Mixed nuts Granola

Mixtures can be separated into two groups Heterogeneous Homogeneous

Mixtures The number of mixtures that can be created by combining substances is unlimited.

TYPES OF MIXTURES HOMOGENEOUS Well mixed Looks the same throughout like a single substance Solutions are homogeneous mixtures where one substance dissolves in another Can be separated by physical means, but not as easily as a heterogeneous mixture (such as distillation). Examples: salt water, lemonade

TYPES OF MIXTURES Heterogeneous Mixture: Least mixed Does not look the same throughout Can see the different components Can be easily separated by picking apart or using a filter, sieve, or magnet (physical means) Examples: Trail Mix, pizza, raisin bran

Mixture Heterogeneous Homogeneous Examples: Mixed nuts Granola Examples: Unopened soft drink Vinegar Solutions (like salt water)