1. Chapter 1
Matter – anything that has mass and volume. Classification of Matter Concept Map
Classifying Matter

2. Matter can be classified into:
Pure substance is a kind of matter that cannot be separated into other kinds of matter by any physical process (Only one substance)
An example of a pure substance is pure silver.
Mixture – a combination of 2 or more substances that are NOT chemically bonded.
An example of a mixture is a mixed vegetable salad.
Another example of a mixture is pure gold + copper

3. Pure substances can be classified into Element and Compound:
Element – only has one kind of atom e.g. Na (sodium)
Allotrope – is an element with more than one of the same kind of atom
(O2, O3) (carbon – diamond / graphite)
Compound – more than one kind of atom e.g. NaCl (sodium chloride)

4. Element – a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substance by chemical means (found in periodic table == > more than 100 kinds)
An example of an element is pure gold    
Atom – the smallest unit of an element that still has all of the properties of that element (building block of matter)  

5.  Compound – two or more kinds of atoms of different elements that are chemically bound together.
An example of a compound is H2O (water).    
Molecule – the smallest unit of a compound that has all of the properties of that compound.    

6. Mixtures can be classified into:
Homogeneous (or called solutions)
Mixtures which are the same throughout with identical properties everywhere in the mixture.
Not easily separated.
An example of this would be salt water (Can’t separate salt from water easily)
Heterogeneous
Mixtures which have different properties when sampled from different areas.
Examples of this would be sand mixed with water or peanuts mixed with raisins (Can separate peanuts from raisins easily)

7. Alloy – a mixture of metals For example, 14K gold