1. What is matter? 2. What is mass and how does it compare to weight? 3. What word is used to describe the amount of space an object takes up?

Matter and Change Unit III Properties of Matter

1. Anything that takes up space and has mass. 2. Weight is a measure of the pull of gravity on an object; mass is the amount of matter the object contains. 3. Volume. Matter and Change

What states of matter are represented in the photograph? What states of matter are represented in the photograph? What must you do to a substance to change it’s physical state? What must you do to a substance to change it’s physical state? Matter and Change

The mass of an object is the amount of matter the object contains. A golf ball has a greater mass than a table tennis ball. The golf ball, therefore, contains more matter. Matter and Change

Materials differ in terms of the kind of matter they contain. Table sugar is always 100% sucrose. It always has the same chemical composition. Matter that has a uniform and definite composition is called a substance. Matter and Change

Substances contain only one kind of matter. Which of these two is a substance? H20 or Lemonade? Matter and Change

All samples of a substance have the same physical properties. All crystals of sucrose taste sweet and dissolve completely in water. Matter and Change

A physical property is a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition. A physical property is a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition. Matter and Change

Examples of physical properties include: Examples of physical properties include: 1.- COLOR 1.- COLOR 2.- SOLUBILITY 2.- SOLUBILITY 3.- ODOR 3.- ODOR 4.- HARDNESS 4.- HARDNESS Matter and Change

5.- DENSITY 5.- DENSITY 6.- MELTING POINT 6.- MELTING POINT 7.- BOILING POINT 7.- BOILING POINT Matter and Change

Physical properties help chemists Physical properties help chemists identify a substance based on their characteristics. identify a substance based on their characteristics. Which substance is this? Which substance is this? “Colorless liquid that boils at 100 ˚C and melts at 0 ˚C” ??????? “Colorless liquid that boils at 100 ˚C and melts at 0 ˚C” ??????? “Colorless liquid that boils at 78 ˚C “Colorless liquid that boils at 78 ˚C and melts at -117 ˚C” ??????? and melts at -117 ˚C” ???????

Matter and Change Important properties of the States of Matter Property Solid Liquid Gas or vapor Property Solid Liquid Gas or vapor ShapeDefiniteIndefiniteIndefinite VolumeDefiniteDefiniteIndefinite Expansion on heating Very slight ModerateGreat Compressi- bility Almost incompre- ssible Readily compressible

Matter and Change SOLIDS Coal, sugar, ice and iron. Coal, sugar, ice and iron. Definite shape and volume. Definite shape and volume. The shape doesn’t depend on the shape of their container. The shape doesn’t depend on the shape of their container. The particles are packed tightly together, they are almost incompressible. The particles are packed tightly together, they are almost incompressible. Solids expand only lightly when heated Solids expand only lightly when heated

Matter and Change LIQUIDS Water, milk and blood. Water, milk and blood. Takes the shape of their container (flows). Takes the shape of their container (flows). Particles are packed closely together, but not rigidly packed. Particles are packed closely together, but not rigidly packed. The volume that a liquid occupies is always constant, no matter what shape it takes. The volume that a liquid occupies is always constant, no matter what shape it takes. Almost incompressible, with a tendency to expand when heated. Almost incompressible, with a tendency to expand when heated.

Matter and Change GASES Takes the shape and form of their container (flowable). Takes the shape and form of their container (flowable). Particles are spaced far apart. Particles are spaced far apart. Gases expand without limit to fill any space. Gases expand without limit to fill any space. Gases are easily compressed. Gases are easily compressed.

Matter and Change VAPOR The gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature. The gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature. Steam (the gaseous state of matter) is referred to as a vapor because water is a liquid at room temperature. Steam (the gaseous state of matter) is referred to as a vapor because water is a liquid at room temperature. Moist air contains water vapor. Moist air contains water vapor.

Matter and Change PHYSICAL CHANGE A type of change that alters a given material without changing it’s chemical composition. A type of change that alters a given material without changing it’s chemical composition. Examples include: cutting, grinding, bending, the melting of the metal gallium, the freezing of water and the condensation of steam to water. Examples include: cutting, grinding, bending, the melting of the metal gallium, the freezing of water and the condensation of steam to water.

Matter and Change PHYSICAL CHANGE Other verbs or actions related to physical changes include: boil, freeze, dissolve, melt, condense, break, split, crack, grind, cut, crush and bend. Other verbs or actions related to physical changes include: boil, freeze, dissolve, melt, condense, break, split, crack, grind, cut, crush and bend.

Chemical Properties Chemical Properties Chemical properties are characteristics involved when a substance interacts with another substance to change its chemical make-up. Chemical properties are characteristics involved when a substance interacts with another substance to change its chemical make-up. FlammabilityRustingCreating gas bubbles Creating a new chemical product Reactivity with water pH

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Intrinsic and Extrinsic Properties of Matter

Properties of Matter Physical properties can be observed/measured without changing the chemical makeup of the substance. ● You can measure mass without changing the substance. Chemical properties cannot be observed/measured without changing the chemical makeup of the substance. ● The only way to observe if something catches on fire easily is to ignite it on fire. This changes the chemical makeup.

Chemical Properties There are two main chemical properties we will study this year. 1. Reactivity - the ability of a substance to react chemically (undergo a chemical reaction) with another substance. 2. Flammability - the ability of a substance to ignite on fire.

Intrinsic vs Extrinsic All properties of matter are considered intrinsic or extrinsic properties. All properties of matter are considered intrinsic or extrinsic properties. Intrinsic (or characteristic) properties do not depend on the amount of the matter that's present. Intrinsic (or characteristic) properties do not depend on the amount of the matter that's present. Extrinsic properties do depend on the amount of matter that's present.

Intrinsic/Characteristic Properties These physical and chemical properties do not change regardless of how much you have of the substance. This means that whether you have 1 mL of water or 100 L of water, the characteristic properties do not change. Characteristic properties can be used to identify an unknown sample of matter.

Intrinsic/ Characteristic Properties Some intrinsic properties include: ● State/Phase ● Color ● Taste ● Texture ● Density ● Density ● Solubility (ability to be dissolved in another substance) ● Melting Point/Freezing Point/Boiling Point ● Conductivity (ability to allow the flow of electricity) ● Malleability (ability to be beaten into thin sheets) ● Reactivity ● Flammability

Intrinsic/ Characteristic Properties Density is a characteristic property! Think back to the labs we have done. The density of water stays at 1.0 g/mL regardless of the volume of water you measured. Think back to the labs we have done. The density of water stays at 1.0 g/mL regardless of the volume of water you measured. *The density of water can change though depending on temperature, pressure, and altitude. It just doesn't change relative to the amount you have.

Extrinsic Properties These physical properties are dependent on the size of the sample. These physical properties are dependent on the size of the sample. This means that they will change if the size of the sample is changed. This means that they will change if the size of the sample is changed. Examples include: ● Mass ● Weight ● Volume

Look at the two cubes below. Assuming they are made of the same wood, the cube on the right will have a larger mass, volume, and weight. However, all intrinsic properties will be the same for both cubes. Putting it all together

They will have the same: ● Density ● Flammability ● State ● Color ● Texture ● Texture ● etc. Putting it all together

Questions?! Let's observe flammability!