Circulatory System The Heart is a Muscular Pump That Cycles Blood

Circulatory System Major Players: –Heart –Blood Vessels Purpose: –Carry Oxygen TO Cells –Carry Food and Nutrients TO Cells –Carry CO2 AWAY from Cells –Carry Metabolic Waste AWAY from Cells. –Carry Hormones

Two Directions Heart Pumps blood: –To Heart –Away From Heart

The Two Loops Pulmonary Loop Purpose: Pump Oxygen poor blood away from heart to lungs. At Lungs: –Gets rid of CO2 Side of Heart: Right Side Systematic Loop Purpose: Pump oxygen rich blood through arteries to cells. At Lungs –Picks up O2 Side of Heart Left Side

4 Chambers Left Atrium Left Ventricle Right Atrium Right Ventricle

Two Sides Right Side of Heart Pumping O2 Poor Blood Right Atrium –Accepts O2 poor blood from body Right Ventricle –Pumps O2 poor blood to lungs Left Side of Heart Pumping O2 Rich Blood Left Atrium –Accepts O2 rich blood from lungs Left Ventricle –Pumps O2 rich blood to body

Blood Vessels Artery - carries oxygen rich blood away from the heart Vein - carries oxygen poor blood (high in carbon dioxide) toward the heart Capillary - exchange of materials with the cells Oxygen, nutrients move into the cells Carbon dioxide, wastes move out of the cells

Blood Vessels

Initiating Contraction Sinoatrial node (SA) –Cluster of muscle in right atrium –“Pacemaker” –Regular rhythm Pulse –Pressure waves felt in arteries during contraction –Indicates heart rate Approx bpm

Blood Pressure Force exerted by blood as it moves through vessels. Systolic over diastolic Systolic –Pressure in arteries during contraction ( ). Diastolic –Pressure in arteries when relaxed (70- 90).

Components of Blood 55% Plasma: 90% of plasma is water and 10% is dissolved gases, salts, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, waste products, and plasma proteins. 45% Blood cells & cell fragments: –red blood cells Hemoglobin/oxygen –white blood cells immune –Platelets clotting

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Pulmonary Artery – to lungs Pulmonary Vein- from lungs to heart Caratid Artery-in neck going to brain Jugular Vein-in neck leaving brain going back to heart.

Homeostasis Blood Pressure normal = 120/80mm Hg Systolic Pressure - pressure on arteries when the heart contracts Diastolic Pressure - pressure when the heart relaxes Normal heart rate beats/minute

Heart Attack - area of the heart muscle dies or quits working Stroke - area of the brain dies

Respiratory System Major Players –Lungs –Diaphragm

Respiratory System Nostrils and mouth air enters trachea - chest cavity tube, traps foreign particles Bronchi- tubes leading into lungs, traps foreign particles Alveoli - air sacs, gases actually exchange-300 million surrounded by capillaries

Diaphragm and Rib Muscles - used in breathing inhalation - rib muscles contract, rib cage moves up and out, diaphragm contracts moving downward, lungs fill with air exhale – rib muscles relax, rib cage drops down, diaphragm moves up- lungs empty

Homeostasis Emphysema - a respiratory disease, alveoli lose their elasticity, difficult to release air, uses much energy Asthma - bronchioles of the lungs constrict, they are sensitive to stimuli in the air Hypertension - high blood pressure