1 Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Internet of Things: Impacts of the Connected Home on EE, from a Lighting perspective April 22, 2015

2 What is the Internet of Things?

3 Data collection growth continues to exceed all predictions

4 We need new terminology to just describe it

5 Where will IoT devices be deployed?

6 What technologies are enabling the IoT? Cheap sensors Cheap intelligence Cheap data transport Cloud Computing? Smart Phones? Lighting?

7 Why lighting? SSL is the catalyst… Solid-State Lighting (SSL) is the most energy efficient, flexible, controllable lighting technology in history – Spectral power distribution, light output (e.g. luminous flux, intensity, distribution), color characteristics (e.g. CCT, CRI, Duv) – System architecture, partitioning, and power conversion SSL is blurring the traditional lines between lighting system devices (e.g. lamps and ballasts/drivers, luminaires and lighting controls) SSL is poised to catalyze the deployment of distributed intelligence, network connectivity, and data exchange – Embedded intelligence (e.g. for managing power conversion) can be leveraged for other purposes (e.g. output control, network interface) – Microelectronic platform facilitates the cost-effective integration of additional functionality (e.g. network interfaces, sensors)

8 Why impact will the IoT have on lighting? Past lighting market deployment strategies have been primarily device (light source or control) based efforts focused on driving new (more efficient) technology into the market Past lighting control energy savings have been widely varying and unpredictable, and limited by the number of installations, failure to adopt performance monitoring and continuous optimization, and lack of interaction with non-lighting systems Complex configuration requirements, high total cost of deployment, poor user satisfaction, and difficult to predict performance are significant barriers to adoption (estimated as < 1%) and energy savings Lighting will become a platform for data collection (via sensors) and data exchange (via network interfaces and interoperability protocols) that enables reduced energy consumption and improved performance of lighting and non-lighting systems, and delivers a growing number of non- lighting or non-energy related benefits – Lighting is pervasive (in all buildings and spaces), well-distributed, and AC powered – Leverage SSL transition driven by efficacy

9 Lighting is poised to dramatically change in the future Many integration possibilities – Single-function (e.g. sensor- only) devices – Multi-function devices (e.g. controllable light source and sensor(s) and network interface) Not clear that any particular device integration or system architecture will dominate – Many will be likely be able to succeed in the market – Solutions for retrofits and new install Intelligent, Controllable Light Source Wired, Wireless Network Interface Sensor(s) Advanced Lighting Device

10 Future lighting systems Advanced Lighting System Advanced Lighting Device Data Exchange WAN, Internet Non- Lighting System Non- Lighting System Collaborations Industry Consortiums Energy Efficiency Programs Lighting system designers, integrators Collaborations Industry Consortiums Energy Efficiency Programs Lighting system designers, integrators kWh Technology Development Challenges Interoperability, configuration Energy measurement, new features Standards and specifications Technology Development Challenges Interoperability, configuration Energy measurement, new features Standards and specifications Technology Deployment Challenges Real-world performance User engagement and education High performance product screening Technology Deployment Challenges Real-world performance User engagement and education High performance product screening Outcomes  Adoption, viable business models Data-driven energy management Transactive energy markets Outcomes  Adoption, viable business models Data-driven energy management Transactive energy markets

11 Greater interoperability can have a significant market impact Facilitates the incorporation of best-of-breed devices, deployment of an energy-saving platform (i.e. multi-phase, not limited to initial install choices) Reduces incremental cost of system enhancement (e.g. software vs. hardware) Facilitates crowd-sourced development (software, use cases) Reduces user risk (e.g. device, manufacturer obsolescence), increase user satisfaction and adoption Facilitates greater data exchange – Use data from, share data with non-lighting systems – Improved performance of lighting and non-lighting systems – Non-energy benefits – Communicate measured performance (hours-of-use, energy) – Engage in transactive energy markets

12 Energy measurement can have a significant market impact Emerging system feature in market-available products All measurements are actually estimates with an associated uncertainty (i.e. accuracy, precision) Existing standards not application appropriate Varying manufacturer performance claims, self-certification procedures Potential use for utility energy billing replacing outdoor tariffs Determination of baseline levels, evaluation of energy savings due to varying lighting control strategies Facilitation of data-driven (as opposed to predictive model-driven) energy efficiency programs Improve cost-effectiveness of service-based business models that are already emerging for lighting systems Facilitation of data-driven energy management, transactive energy market development

13 Energy measurement and interoperability enable data-driven energy efficiency programs Energy Efficiency program goals and baselines continue to rise Lighting programs need to keep delivering – Lamp and luminaire retrofits are becoming less cost-effective – Advanced lighting controls utilization rate currently <1% – NEEP/DLC Commercial Advanced Lighting Control (CALC) initiative – NEEA Luminaire Level Lighting Control (LLLC) initiative Energy measurement and interoperability can be game-changers – Lower cost, more accurate energy savings validation (e.g. automated M&V) – New ways of providing incentives (e.g. pay-for-performance) – Effectively reduced technology complexity (e.g. new service-based business models, financing mechanisms) – Complimentary user incentives (e.g. new features, services, non-energy benefits)

14 Energy measurement and interoperability enable data-driven energy management Support (self) characterization of available “building services” that can deliver value to various entities – End users – Energy markets – The grid – Society Closed-loop control or verification of compliance with utility (peak and other) demand response incentives Support engagement in transactive energy markets