Chapter 12 Part II APUSH

New Nationalism A by product of the War of 1812 was a unified country. (Nationalism =’s the spirit of nation- consciousness or national oneness.) Literature Washington Irving - 1 st writers to use Am themes & scenes James Fenimore Cooper-same Revived Bank of the US re-chartered by Congress in 1816 Growing military.

Tariff of 1816 Revenue Tariffs are low tariffs intended to collect income for government and allow foreign goods in. Protective Tariffs are intended to give an advantage to domestic industry and keep out foreign goods or raise their prices so high that they are unattractive. The tariff of 1816 was passed in response to British merchants trying to off load over produced European factory goods. American “Baby” Industries were unable to compete with lower priced British goods. Therefore Congress passed the Tariff of 1816 to offer American Industries some protection from European goods.

The American System (1824) Henry Clay’s 3 part plan to develop a profitable home market. 3 part Plan Strong Banking system – to provide easy and abundant credit Strong Protective Tariffs – whose revenue would help build the 3rd part Network of Roads and Canals – arteries of transportation.

Network of Roads and Canals South and West would send foodstuffs and raw materials east North and East would send manufactured goods south and west This system would tie the country together economically and politically. Federal Funding was vetoed so states took on the burden. (Madison believed this was unconstitutional) Example : Erie Canal complete by NY in 1825 w/out fed funding

“Era of Good Feelings” James Monroe (Rep) elected president in (Federalist ran a candidate for the last time.) The Era of Good Feelings coined to describe his administration is a misnomer. Even though there was tranquility during his reign sectionalism began to become a problem.

Panic of 1819 Overspeculation in frontier land by the western branches of the Bank of the US caused a financial panic that left the west viewing the bank with suspicion.

Growing Pains of the West 9 Frontier states added to the US between (To maintain sectionalism balance most added free/slave alternatively.) Manifest Destiny – the idea that Americans should control everything between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, along with cheap, Indian free land soon lead to migration of many Americans to the west. US secures a treaty (1818) to share Oregon territory with British for 10 years. Andrew Jackson goes into FL “takes” it from the Spanish.

Sectionalism As territories began to apply for state hood many worried about the 11/11 balance of the senate. When Missouri applied for statehood, Sectionalism broke out. Tallmadge Amendment – stipulates that no more slaves should be brought into Missouri and provided for the gradual emancipation of children born to slave parents already there. This incendiary Amendment was not passed by the Senate, however it lead to a serious compromise:

Series of Compromises 1. Missouri Compromise of 1820 Missouri –admitted as a slave state. Maine – admitted as a free state. Louisiana Territory – all future bondage prohibited north of the 36’30 line and allowed south of the line

2. Compromise of Henry Clay - Great Compromiser) California - free Southwest - NM/Utah Territories – popular sovereignty (majority rules) Slavery - still exists in Washington D.C. Fugitive Salve Laws- must return runaway slaves.

3. Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) Popular Sovereignty Nebraska -free Kansas – Bleeding Kansas (slave state)

The Marshall Court McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) – Declared the Bank of the US Constitutional by citing Hamilton’s implied powers. Upholds the doctrine of loose construction. “Consists with the letter and the spirit of the constitution are constitutional.” Cohens v. Virgina (1821) – Lottery tickets. Asserted the right of the Supreme Court to Review the decisions of state supreme courts. Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) – Steamboat Case. Federal government can control inter state stream and thus control interstate commerce. Fletcher v. Peck (1810) – Sanctity of contracts. Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) - Sanctity of contracts.

Monroe Doctrine John Quincy Adams (Sec. of State) persuaded Monroe to issue the Doctrine – The president issued a stern warning to European Powers Non-Colonization – the era of colonization in the western hemisphere was over. Non-Intervention – European nations (and all others for that matter) should stay out of the western hemisphere.