Reteaching

Do Now Correct the misplaced modifiers in the following sentences. 1. I got a watch for my graduation that has a solar clock. 2. Marion received a ticket from the police officer who was speeding. 3. I returned the tuna to the fish market that was spoiled.

Clause vs. Phrase  A clause is a group of related words that contain a subject and predicate.  Clause: after Webster took the train  Phrase: took the train

Misplaced Modifiers  A misplaced modifier is a word, phrase, or clause that is improperly separated from the word it modifies / describes.

Misplaced modifier  Misplaced modifiers can usually be corrected by moving the modifier next to the word it modifies.

Misplaced Modifier Misplaced phrase: Corrected:

Misplaced Modifier  Misplaced phrases  Example 1 (a buyer with leather seats?)  Corrected

Misplaced Modifier  Misplaced phrases  Corrected

Understanding Check Correct the following sentences: 1. Ted could see the airplane using binoculars. 2. We ate Mexican food after the movie that was very spicy. 3. To do well in college, good grades are essential.

Dangling Modifier  A dangling modifier is a word or phrase that modifies a word not clearly stated in the sentence.  A dangling modifier cannot be corrected by simply moving it to a different place in a sentence.  In most cases, the dangling modifier appears at the beginning of the sentence, although it can also come at the end.

Dangling modifier  Correction Method #1  Leave the modifier as it is.  Change the main part of the sentence so that it begins with the term actually modified.  This change will put the modifier next to the term it modifies.

Dangling modifier  Incorrect  Correct

Dangling Modifier  To improve his results, the experiment was done again.  Who wanted to improve results?  Correction: He improved his results by doing the experiment again.

Practice Fix the dangling modifiers in the sentences. 1. While watching a classic film, commercials are irritating. 2. After walking for hours, the car looked wonderful. 3. Budgeting his money carefully, his debts were finally paid.

Adverbs  Adverbs are traditionally defined as words that describe verbs, adjectives and other adverbs.verbs  Adverbs answer: How? When? Where? To what extent?

Adverbs  How?  When?  Where?  She skates very well. To what extent does she skate well?

Expand Sentences using Adverbs Write 2 versions of each sentence using a different adverb. 1. Jamal walked______ to the mall. 2. The runners raced ____________around the track. 3. The summer rain fell ________________. 4. Rescuers arrived _______ _________. 5. Gossip magazines are ___________ truthful with reporting the truth about celebrities.

Coordinating Conjunctions  Conjunctions are words used as joiners.  Coordinating conjunctions join equals to one another: words to words, phrases to phrases, clauses to clauses.

FANBOYS  For: links effect to cause  And : adds information  Nor: rejects both choices  But: shows opposite  Or: shows a choice  Yet: shows opposite  So: links cause to effect

Coordinating Conjunctions  Add a comma before the coordinating conjunction/

Practice Combine the sentences using coordinating conjunctions: 1. The quarterback limped painfully off the field. He did return in the game. 2. He will not go to concert. He will not go to the movies.

Parallelism  Parallel structure means using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance. This can happen at the word, phrase, or clause level.  The usual way to join parallel structures is with the use of coordinating conjunctions such as "and" or "or."conjunctions

Parallelism  Examples of parallel words:

Parallelism

 Examples of parallel phrases:

Parallelism  Examples of parallel clauses:

Subordinating Conjunctions  Time — after, as soon as, as long as, before, ever since, as, while  Causality — because, since  Concession and Contrast — although, though, even though, whereas, while  Condition — if, provided that, unless  Purpose — so that, in order that  Place — where  Result — so that  Comparison — than

Subordinating Conjunction  Subordinating conjunctions also join two clauses together, but in doing so, they make one clause dependent (or "subordinate“ or “dependent”) upon the other.

Subordinating Conjunctions

Practice  Combine the sentences using subordinating conjunctions: 1. The quarterback limped painfully off the field. He did return in the game.