Greeks Topic 5.2

Purpose: Recognize the contrasting cultures of Athens and Sparta

Greek Political Unit POLIS – City-State and all land which surrounds it. Acropolis – fortified hill top with a public center. Agora – is a public center. *Examples of City States: Athens, Sparta Thebes Rule and Order in Greek City-States * Independent city with their own separate form of government

Rule and Order in Greek City-States New Kind of Army Emerges  Bronze replaced by Iron Weapons become cheaper “Citizen” Army develops – Hoplites (based on the shields they carried called a hoplon). Military Tactics – Use of PHALANX - most powerful fighting force in the ancient world.

Rule and Order in Greek City-States Tyrants Seize Power Unrest in areas would cause revolts of established governments Powerful individuals, tyrants, gained control of government by appealing to the discontent.

Horrible History-Spartan HS Musical

Sparta Builds a Military State Sparta Dominates Messeneians Sparta defeated the Messenia in 725 BC The defeated became “helots”, peasants forced to stay and work on the land.

Sparta Builds a Military State *Sparta’s Government (Oligarchy)-small group of powerful people Assembly – composed of free adult males, elected officials and voted on issues. Council of Elders – proposed laws on which the assembly voted. Ephors –Five elected officials carried out the laws including education and judicial matters. Kings – two kings ruled over Sparta’s military.

Spartan Society Society Citizens – descended from original inhabitants Non-citizens – free but original to area worked in commerce and industry. Helots – vanquished people little better than slaves.

Spartan Society Education (Ancient Warriors Video: Spartans) Boys – centered around military life from 6 – 24 Girls – treated equally tough (trained, ran, wrestled and played sports) but education in domestic matters. All forms of individual expression were discouraged in pursuit of ultimate military.

Horrible History-Sparta Teacher Conference

Athens Builds a Limited Democracy Political Developments in Athens Direct Democracy enabled Athens to avoid civil war State ruled by its citizens Rule is based on citizenship Majority rule decides vote

ATHENS vs SPARTA

Forms of Government Found in Greece Monarchy State ruled by a king. Rule is hereditary Some rulers claim divine right.

Forms of Government Aristocracy State ruled by nobles Rule is hereditary and based on land ownership Social status and wealth support rulers’ authority Athens

Forms of Government Oligarchy *State ruled by small group of citizens Rule is based on wealth Ruling group controls military Sparta

Forms of Government Direct Democracy State ruled by its citizens Rule is based on citizenship *People vote directly for leaders United States system of voting is modeled after this Majority rule decided vote Athens

The Persian Wars Battle of Marathon 520 BC Ionian Greeks revolted against Persia. Athens sends military aid. Persia attacks Greece in 490 BC on the plain of Marathon Greek Phalanxes defeated the Persians. Thermopylae Xerxes assembled an enormous fleet that landed in Greece without conflict until they reached the mountain pass of Thermopylea. There the Spartans attacked. By refused to retreat the Spartans sacrificed themselves and galvanized the Greek forces in 480 BC. Salamis Athens attempted to battle Xerxes at sea and in decisive sea battle at Salamis, the Greek forces sank 1/3 of the Persian fleet as their king watched from nearby shores in 480 BC Platea Final battle in which Greece’s Army defeats the remaining forces of Persia in 479 BC

The Result of the Persian Wars 1. Greek City-States felt sense of freedom 2. Athens becomes leader of Delian League. 3. League prevents future attacks by Persia. 4. Athens uses League $$ to develop a Navy and pay for other civic projects. 5. Athens enters into Gree Golden Age.

EXPANSION T-shirt activity: Make a “Game Day” slogan for Athens or Sparta Make a list of 5 traits of Athens and Sparta Then design a t-shirt that they would have worn that represents the traits they are MOST know for Color your “t-shirt”

1. Athens, Sparta, and Thebes were all city- states which are a. Governmental service units that are linked through civil service exams b. Independent cities with their own separate form of governments c. A part of an alliance against the Byzantines d. None of the above REVIEW QUIZ

2. A form of government ruled by a small group of powerful people and characterized the government of ancient Sparta is a or an a. Aristocracy b. Democracy c. Monarchy d. Oligarchy REVIEW QUIZ

3. In order for a democracy to be a direct democracy, laws must be a. Written down b. Freely debated c. Voted on by citizens d. Voted on by representatives REVIEW QUIZ

4. Which of the following forms of government is more closely related to our form of government in the United States? a. Monarchy b. Aristocracy c. Oligarchy d. Direct Democracy REVIEW QUIZ

5. Which city state practiced an Oligarchy? a. Athens b. Sparta c. Both d. Neither