Robert Arrowood McNair Society

 What is Memory?  Working Model  Information Processing Theory  Test (This Is Not Bad, I Promise. Well, Maybe Just A Little)

 The process involved in retaining, retrieving, and using information about stimuli, images, events, ideas, and skills after the original information is no longer present.

 Sensory Memory – Initial Stage that holds all incoming information for seconds or fractions of seconds  Short-Term Memory (STM) – holds 5-7 items for about seconds.  Long-Term Memory (LTM) – can hold a large amount of information for years or even decades

 Working Memory (WM)– Limited capacity system for temporary storage and manipulation of information for complex tasks such as comprehension, Learning, and reasoning. Same as STM but after coming back from LTM.

Sensory Store -> STM LTM WM  Rehearsal improves ability to transmit information from STM to LTM.  Recall is dependent on cues.

 Miller (1956)  First to compare human mind to a computer.  5 + or – 2 for STM

 Newell, Shaw, & Simon (1958)  Input yields processing  Processing yields storage or rejection  Storage and processing yield behavior  Storage yields processing  What???

 Everything (Input) about us takes in information and transmits it to the sensory store  If attended to, sensory store transmits about 7 items to STM (Processing)  STM then uses input information to behave (Output) or stores it in LTM (Processing)

 When given retrieval cues, LTM transmits information back to WM to cause behavior (Output).

 Memory Model  Information Processing Theory  Information Processing Theory and Memory

 When I change slides you will have twenty seconds to read the entire list and memorize as many things as possible.  DO NOT WRITE ANYTHING DOWN!!!  Good Luck… You will need it.

 Red  Truck  Dog  Fun  Office  McNair  Monster  Spider Man  Apple  Blanket  Chair  Seven  Voice  Rock  Night  Building  Theo  Dancing  Facebook  Sunglasses  Democracy  Adam Levine  Hair  Power  Guitar  Book  Door  1989  Sun  Perfection

 Take out a piece of paper and pencil and do not do anything until I tell you.

 Now write down as many things as you can remember.

 How did you do?  I’m guessing about 5-9 items.  What did you do to remember?

 Goldstein, E. (2011). Cognitive Psychology. Wadsworth Publishing: Belmont, California  Miller, G. (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review, 63,  Newell, A., Shaw, J., & Simon. H. (1958). Elements of a theory of human problem solving. Psychological Review, 65(3),