Body Systems and how they work together

There are 10 body systems: Skeletal Muscular Digestive Respiratory Circulatory Endocrine Immune Excretory Reproductive Nervous

The Skeletal System The skeletal system is made up of 206 bones. The purpose of the skeletal system is to give our body shape and support and to protect our vital organs. (Ex: our brain is protected by our skull, our heart and lungs are protected by our ribcage and sternum) Your skeletal system is separated into 2 sections: axial and appendicular The axial skeleton consists of bones that protect vital organs such as: skull, ribcage, sternum, vertebral column The appendicular skeleton consists of bones that connect appendages to your axial skeleton such as: arm bones (humerus, radius, ulna) and leg bones (femur, tibia, and fibula) *Inside of our bones is bone marrow, which is responsible for making red blood cells* The Skeletal System

The Muscular System There are over 650 individual muscles that are attached to our skeletal system. The main job for the muscular system is to provide movement for our bodies. Our bodies are made up of 2 different types of muscles: Voluntary and Involuntary muscles Voluntary muscles are muscles we can control. Also called skeletal muscles they include biceps, triceps, quadriceps, etc… Involuntary muscles are muscles that we cannot control. They are controlled by our nervous system and hormones. (Ex: cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, etc) The Muscular System

The Digestive System Our digestive system’s main job is to break down the food we eat into parts that are so tiny that the useful pieces can be absorbed into our bloodstream and sent throughout our bodies and get rid of any leftover parts of the food that our bodies cannot use. The digestive system is made up of the following organs: esophagus, stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, small intestine, and large intestine. The stomach, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas are all responsible for hitting the food we eat with chemicals that break it down into tiny pieces that our bodies can use. The stomach produces gastric juices such as hydrochloric acid and enzymes that break food down for 3-4 hrs into a creamy liquid. The pancreas and liver produce chemicals that separate fats, carbohydrates, and proteins from food for our body’s use. The small intestine is where the “food” actually passes into the bloodstream after it has been broken down by chemicals. Whatever the body cannot use is passed into the large intestine and eventually exits the body. **Your small and large intestine together are over 22 feet long!**

The Digestive System

The Nervous System The nervous system is made up of your brain, spinal chord, and nerves. The nervous system is known as the body’s control system. The nervous system sends, receives, and processes impulses that are sent throughout your body that tell your muscles and organs what to do. There are 2 main parts of the nervous system: The central nervous system is composed of your brain and spinal chord. The peripheral nervous system includes all of the nerves that transmit messages from your brain and spinal cord to your muscles, organs, and glands. The Nervous System

Respiratory System The respiratory system is responsible for bringing air into the body and for removing carbon dioxide. The respiratory system is composed of the nose, trachea, and lungs. The trachea branches into the bronchial tubes, then to bronchioles, and then into the air sacs. Oxygen passes through the walls of the air sacs and into the bloodstream. The Respiratory System

The Circulatory System The circulatory system is the body’s transport system. It is made up of a group of organs that transport blood throughout the body. The circulatory system is composed of the heart, arteries, veins, blood vessels, and capillaries. Capillaries deliver oxygen and nutrients to the body’s cells and removes carbon dioxide, water, and waste. The Circulatory System

The Endocrine and Immune Systems The endocrine system is made up of a group of glands that produce hormones that control metabolism, growth, and sexual development. The immune system is our body’s defense system against infections and diseases that come from viruses and bacteria. The Immune System

How do our body systems work together? Here are a few examples of how body systems work together to do certain bodily functions: skeletal & muscular- provide movement and support. digestive & circulatory- digestive system breaks down large molecules into small molecules to enter the cell. circulatory system carries small molecules to the cell. muscular & nervous- helps you move around and interact with the environment. nervous & endocrine- control coordination of many of the body's activities; respond to and send messages to cells throughout the body. circulatory & respiratory- exchange gases between body cells and the environment. excretory & circulatory- circulatory brings blood to the excretory system to be cleaned and filtered.

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