2. Characteristics of Life - The Big Ideas…
Made of Cells
Reproduce (sexually or asexually)
Have DNA (genetic information)
Grow & Develop
Need/Use Energy (metabolism)
Respond to Environment
Maintain Homeostasis (constant internal environment)
Change Over Time (evolve)
Form Systems & Have Systems (related parts)
Structure & Function are Related

3. Introduction to
Human Body Systems

4. Organizational Levels
Smallest
Cells – 1st level of organization; basic unit of structure and function
Tissues – A group of cells that perform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve and Epithelial
Organs – a group of tissues that perform a specific function
Largest
Organ Systems – a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function.

5. The Human Body
Each organ system is dependent on other organ systems for the body to function properly.
Nervous – Obtains and processes information from the body’s internal and external environment; directs most body functions
brain, spinal cord, nerves
Cardiovascular – Transports needed materials to body cells; removes wastes
Heart, arteries, veins, blood cells

6. The Human body
Digestive – breaks down food and absorbs the broken-down materials
Mouth, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
Respiratory – gets oxygen into the body; removes carbon dioxide
Trachea (windpipe), lungs, diaphragm
Muscular – enables the body to move
Skeletal, smooth, cardiac

7. The Human body
Skeletal – supports and protects the body; works with muscles to enable movement.
Bones (Femur, Cranium, Ribs)
Endocrine – produces chemicals called hormones that help control many body processes.
Glands, stomach, pancreas, kidneys
Excretory – removes wastes; helps regulate water in the body
Kidneys, bladder, liver, large intestine

8. The Human Body Immune – fights disease / pathogens
AS - Overview of Body Systems
Immune – fights disease / pathogens
Liver, lymph nodes, blood, thymus
Integumentary (skin) – protects the body, keeps water inside and helps sense the external environment.
Skin, hair, nails
Reproductive – creates gametes & offspring; determines male and female characteristics
Ovaries and uterus in females; testes in males

10. Transporting Oxygen
Respiratory System – delivery of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide
Trachea – tube connecting the mouth to the lungs
Alveoli – round sacs that make up the lungs where gases are exchanged.
Moves oxygen from the air to the blood
Moves carbon dioxide from the blood to the air
Cardiovascular System – Carries oxygen from the lungs to the blood stream
Arteries – tubes that carry oxygen enriched red blood cells from the lungs to other cells in the body
Veins – carries oxygen depleted red blood cells to the lungs
Muscular System – Enables air to enter and exit lungs
Diaphragm – special muscle that contracts and shortens to pull/push air in and out of the lungs

11. Processing Food/Nutrients
Digestive System – breaks down food into smaller substances to be used by body cells
Mouth and stomach – begins to break down food
Small intestine – completes the break down and absorbs the nutrients (through the villi)
Large intestine – undigested food passes out of the body as waste
Muscular – moves jaw to break down food & peristalsis
Absorption of nutrients
Enables you to swallow food / moves food along system
With in the stomach – food is churned and squeezed, broken down into smaller particles.
Cardiovascular – carries nutrients absorbed through the small intestine to the blood and then throughout the body.

12. Movement Muscles, Bones, Nerves…
Muscles produce movement by contracting and shortening.
Muscles are connected to and pull on your bones to move them.
Nervous system uses the brain and nerves to direct your muscles and tell you when to move and how.
Respiratory system brings oxygen to your muscles and removes carbon dioxide.
Digestive system processes food and nutrients to fuel your muscles cells to keep them working properly.
Organ Sytems
AS - Overview of Body Systems