QOTD Which of the following issues was addressed by the Dred Scott case? a) whether or not a state could remove criminals from other states to face trial. b) whether or not slaves could be considered citizens. c) whether or not "dual citizenship" was constitutional. d) whether or not the "separate but equal" policy in schools was constitutional.

QOTD Which of the following issues was addressed by the Dred Scott case? b) whether or not slaves could be considered citizens.

Today’s Standard SSUSH 9 Explain the importance of the Battle of Antietam; the roles of Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson

The Civil War Bull Run – Antietam

Reasons the War Started Sectionalism – the overall difference between the North and the South The issue of slavery and its expansion The South’s beliefs in states’ rights vs… The North’s belief of a powerful national government The Election of 1860

First Battle of Bull Run April 1861 The Attack on Fort Sumter in South Carolina begins the war Northerners thought the war would be short The main Union objective would be to take Richmond, VA, the Confederate capital The Union was unprepared, but Lincoln wanted a quick victory

First Battle of Bull Run 2) July 1861 – Three months after Fort Sumter, Union troops enter Virginia 2) They meet Confederate forces at Manassas, VA The Union started off winning but the Confederates fought back hard 3) Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson 4) First Battle of Bull Run Result: Confederate Victory

Lincoln Silences Northern Opposition 1) Bull Run was a psychological victory for the Confederates The Union was shocked 2) Lincoln also had problems with opposition to the war in the North 3) Copperheads – Northerners that spoke out against the War Lincoln used his authority to suspend habeas corpus Habeas corpus = protection against being locked up without trial and without proof Lincoln defended this by saying he needed to use these emergency powers to preserve the Union

Bull Run Battlefield

Union Advantages 1) A) More troops, railroads, and factories B) More $$$ with a stable economy C) An established government with a strong president

Confederate Advantages 2) A) Better military leadership B) They just have to defend their territory

Union Strategy 3) A) Set up a naval blockade the coast of the Confederacy B) Take the city of Richmond, VA (Confederate capital) C) Gain control of the Mississippi River

Confederate Strategy 4) Defend territory and survive the Union assault

Union Strategy

Lincoln Turns To McClellan After Bull Run’s failure, Lincoln wants to build and train a new army… 1) Gen. George McClellan Young (36) Great at organizing Good strategist Well liked by his men The Army of the Potomac

The War in the West As McClellan prepared the Union army in the east, other Union troops fought in the West 2) The Union needed the Mississippi River Split the Confederacy into two regions and weaken it 3) General Ulysses S. Grant The most successful commander in the West

The Campaign for Richmond Though McClellan was an excellent leader and trained his men well, he wasn’t strong in every area 4) He was too cautious when it came to attacking the Confederacy.

McClellan Meets Lee 5) McClellan’s biggest problem was Robert E. Lee Brilliant military leader Best general the Confederacy had Willing to take risks, unlike McClellan Won several key victories early in the war

The Battle of Antietam September Lee tries invading the North (BIG RISK) He clashes with McClellan at Antietam Creek, Maryland 6) Battle of Antietam 7) No clear winner - stalemate Union was successful in heading off the Confederate invasion Bloodiest single day battle in the war: 12,000 Confederate; 14,000 Union casualties Perhaps saved Washington, DC from invasion

Unit 4 Study Guides So Far… 1) Sectionalism Intensifies 2) The Mexican War / Compromise of ) Compromise Fails / Southern Secession 4) Civil War Begins 5) Bull Run - Antietam