Essential Questions : What is photosynthesis? What are the major reactions in photosynthesis ? Photosynthesis: Process by which light energy solar) is converted into chemical energy that is stored in the bonds of a glucose molecule. Enzyme controlled. Occurs in the chloroplasts

Chloroplast-organelle found in plants that contains chlorophyll that absorbs light energy.

Photosynthesis Equation : CO 2 + solar energy + water  food ( glucose) + oxygen + water Or 6CO 2 +solar energy + 12 H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6H CO 2

Essential Questions: What are the two major reactions in photosynthesis? What occurs in each reaction? Photosynthesis is divided into two major sets of reactions : 1. Light reaction 2. Dark reaction 2. Dark reaction Light reactions: Light dependentLight dependent Splits H 2 O, thus releasing oxygen. Splits H 2 O, thus releasing oxygen. Provides enough energy to change the chemical ADP to ATPProvides enough energy to change the chemical ADP to ATP

ADP and ATP

Dark Reaction Dark Reaction: Also called the Calvin Cycle Uses the carbon from CO 2 to make glucose. Cycle goes around six times.

Essential Questions : What is cellular respiration? What is the relationship of cellular respiration to homeostasis? Cellular Respiration Equation: Glucose+ Water + Oxygen  Dioxide + water + Energy Or C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6H 2 O + 6O 2  6CO H 2 O + 36 ATP

Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration is divided into three major sets of reactions. The first stage is anaerobic. The second and third stages are aerobic.

Anaerobic – no oxygen is required Anaerobic Cellular Respiration: Produces 2 ATP Occurs in the cytoplasm

Aerobic Respiration- requires oxygen

Essential questions: What are two major types of anaerobic respiration ? What are the end products of each type of reaction? There are two major types of anaerobic without (oxygen) respiration: 1. Lactic acid Fermentation 2. Alcohol Fermentation

Lactic Acid Fermentation Occurs in the muscles when the body needs energy, but not enough oxygen is present. Occurs in the muscles when the body needs energy, but not enough oxygen is present. Associated with muscle fatigue and pain.

Lactic Acid Fermentation Glucose  Pyruvic Acid  Lactic Acid + 2ATP Lactic acid is also produced by some bacteria that are important in the production of cheeses, buttermilk and yogurt.

Yes.. We love lactic acid!!

Alcohol Fermentation Used by some bacteria and yeast. Glucose  Pyruvic Acid  Alcohol + CO 2 +2 ATP End products are useful in the baking and brewing industry

Aerobic Respiration is what normally occurs in the mitochondria of the cells. Aerobic Respiration is what normally occurs in the mitochondria of the cells. It is a very efficient method of releasing ATP from the chemical bonds in food. It is a very efficient method of releasing ATP from the chemical bonds in food.

Aerobic Exercise

36 or 38 ATP? During Cellular Respiration, 38 ATP are produced. However the entire process uses 2 ATP. The final number of ATP produced is actually 36 ATP