RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

OBJECTIVES 1.Identify terms pertaining to the respiratory system 2.List the parts of the respiratory system and give their location and function 3.Identify terms used for types of abnormal breathing 4.Label the diagram of the respiratory system

TEKS  (c)(1) (C) interpret technical material related to the health science industry;  (c)(1)(D) organize, compile, and write ideas into reports and summaries;  (c)(1)(E) plan and prepare effective oral presentations;  (c)(1)(G) describe biological and chemical processes that maintain homeostasis.  (c)(K) identify the concepts of health and wellness throughout the life span.  (c)(9)(B) identify wellness strategies for the prevention of disease.

WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT BREATHING?  What is breathing?  What do you need to breathe?  Why do you need to breathe?  What parts of your body are used for breathing?  How do you think different activities, like running or swimming, affect your breathing?

BREATHING IS ESSENTIAL FOR LIFE Oxygen Food (Glucose) Waste (Carbon Dioxide) Energy! + + It is the oxygen from the air that we need. All cells/part of our body need energy to survive and function. The cells make energy using the oxygen that we breathe in and the foods we eat.

ORGANS OF RESPIRATION  Nasal Cavity (nostrils) – Entry point for air into the body  Sinuses - Cavities in bones of skull which open into the nasal cavity  Pharynx - Extends from mouth to esophagus; provides passageway for air from nostrils to trachea  Larynx - Upper end of trachea; contains vocal cords (voice box)  Trachea – Wind pipe that allows passage of air from the pharynx to the lungs

ORGANS OF RESPIRATION  Bronchi - Branches of trachea leading to lungs  Lungs - Pair of lobed organs in chest cavity, extending from the clavicle to the diaphragm  Pleura - Serous membrane that covers the lungs and lines the chest cavity

ORGANS OF RESPIRATION  Diaphragm – Muscular partition separating the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity  Inhalation = diaphragm contracts and moves downward, allowing lungs to expand  Exhalation = diaphragm relaxes and moves upward, forcing air out of the lungs

ORGANS OF RESPIRATION  Bronchioles – Smaller branches of the bronchi; passageway for air to reach alveoli  Alveoli – Tiny sacs within our lungs that allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to move between the lungs and bloodstream

ORGANS OF RESPIRATION

ABNORMAL RESPIRATION  Hyperpnea – abnormally increased breathing (sporadic, not consistent)  Apnea – cessation of breathing  Dyspnea – painful or Labored breathing  Tachypnea – fast breathing (steady)  Bradypnea – slow breathing

DISEASES AND DISORDERS  Asthma – allergic reaction in which the walls of the small bronchioles swell  Common cold – most widespread of all communicable diseases, characterized by swollen and inflamed mucous membranes of the nose and throat with copious discharge  Cough – mechanism for clearing obstructions from airway  Emphysema – swelling of alveoli due to chronic bronchial obstruction

DISEASES AND DISORDERS  Hay fever – sensitivity to foreign proteins causing watery discharge from eyes and nose and occasional sneezing  Influenza – acute, contagious disease characterized by inflammation of the upper respiratory tract and generalized aches and pains  Pneumonia – inflammation of the alveoli of the lung – may be caused by bacteria or viruses  Tuberculosis – inflammation of lungs and pleurae – caused by a bacterium (Occasionally invades other parts of the body)

EFFECTS OF SMOKING  Tobacco contains many harmful chemicals including nicotine and tar  Smoke travels the same route through the respiratory system as air, clogging up the lungs and making it difficult to breathe.  Essentially, a smoker is popping all the little alveoli balloons in the lungs, leaving big empty spaces and reducing how much oxygen a person can breathe in.

EFFECTS OF SMOKING