BRACE YOURSELVES IT’S TESTING TIME! DON’T WORRY – I MADE IT INTO A GAME

RULES: Everybody plays! Use whiteboards to answer Reveal answer when time’s up Spinner will assign point values to each question Honor System for keeping track of your points. Bonus points for explanation task for “your” question only Highest score wins You MUST stop and ask questions if you don’t understand WHY the answer is correct.

VERBALS – VERBS IN DISGUISE! 3 types of Verbals: Participles: verbs functioning as adjectives The cat sleeping on the windowsill looked peaceful. Gerunds: -ing verbs functioning as nouns often works as subject or direct object Reading science fiction is exciting! Infinitives: to- verbs function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs My mean teacher loves to give homework on the weekends.

VERBALS – PARTICIPLES, GERUNDS, INFINITIVES 30

VERBALS 31

A verb is in the Active Voice when the subject performs the action of the verb. The campers built a fire. A verb is in the Passive Voice when the subject receives the action of the verb. A fire was built by the campers. Use active voice when you write to give your writing energy and keep the focus on the subject. (Passive voice can create wordy sentences. ) Active: In April of 1775, Paul Revere warned the patriots about the British soldiers. Passive: In April of 1775, the patriots were warned about the British soldiers by Paul Revere. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

Note: Passive voice is useful if you don’t know or don’t want to emphasize who performed the action. The American Navy was organized before the Declaration of Independence. An error was made in our project about the Boston Tea Party.

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PHRASES AND MODIFIERS Remember - phrases should be placed as close as possible to the word they modify. The boy with a green shirt ran down the hallway. The boy ran down the hallway with a green shirt. Was he wearing it or carrying it?

MISPLACED PHRASES 36

VERB TENSE Shows the TIME of an action, condition, or state of being 3 simple tenses 3 perfect tenses TENSEWHAT IT SHOWSEXAMPLE PRESENTHappening now or repeatedlyI eat lunch. I eat lunch every day. PASTCompleted in the pastI ate lunch in the cafeteria. FUTUREWill happen in the futureOur class will eat lunch after the test. TENSEWHAT IS SHOWSEXAMPLE PRESENT PERFECTCompleted recently or in the indefinite past We have eaten at this restaurant before. PAST PERFECTHappened before another past action We had only eaten half the meal when the dessert arrived. FUTURE PERFECTWill happen before a future time or action We will have eaten sushi six times by the end of this month.

SIMPLE I am reading I was reading I will be reading PERFECT I have been reading I had been reading I will have been reading VERB TENSE Progressive forms of each tense show an ongoing action. Consistency of tense is important when writing, but sometimes a shift in tense is necessary. Use different tenses to make the order of events clear.

CONSISTENCY OF TENSE 37

USAGE Label S+ V 33

PUNCTUATION REMINDERS Commas: used to set off sentence interrupters (non-essential clauses, phrases, appositives, and direct address) The space mission, in fact, lasted for ten days. Hyphen: used to make compound words Have you seen the old-fashioned typewriter in the library? Dash: longer, used to show a sudden or dramatic break or change of thought. (also used to set off an explanation or list with commas.) “Sammy – he’s in eighth grade – won the spelling bee.” Ellipsis: (…) used to indicate a pause or break in a sentence, or where words have been omitted from a quotation. The Preamble states, “We the people… establish this Constitution for the United States of America.”

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PUNCTUATION 41

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PUNCTUATION - COMMAS 42

USAGE 43

WORD CHOICE - STYLE Redundant vs. repetitive 44

STYLE Hint: subject 45

STYLE 46

ADD UP YOUR POINTS! HIGH SCORE WINS 4 TH MP HOMEWORK PASS