AP BIO PLANTS

Goal for the Day 1.Review: Be able to list the major parts of plants and describe their functions. 2.Be able to draw the phylogenetic tree of plants.

Question of the Day 5/31 1.What are the major parts of a plant? 2.Do all plants have them?

Challenges to Life on Land 1.Reproduction – no longer in water-based environments where gametes can mix freely. 2.Maintaining Moisture 3.Staying upright (supporting yourself) 4.Getting resources (Food & Nutrients) Cannot be directly absorbed/diffused from the air in most cases.

Phylogenetic Tree of Plants

Non- vascular plants (they don’t have vascular tissue) TIME TRUE ROOTS STEMS LEAVES Contain Vascular Tissue, so which groups of plants lack these?

Roots Functions… Absorbing water Anchor the plant Store Food (vegetables: potatoes, carrots, etc)

Roots Types… Taproot Fibrous root– example: carrot

Leaves Functions… Photosynthesis – using light to make food Stomata - Holes in the underside of leaves, which regulate the water loss in transpiration

Stems Functions… Some photosynthesis Support Transport of nutrients through the two Vascular Tissues 1. Phloem – carries food from the leaves to the roots (moves down) 2. Xylem – carries water from the roots to the leaves (moves up)

Floral Structure What is the only group of plants that has flowers?

Floral Structure

Sepals enclose the bud before it opens, and protects the flower while it is developing.

Petals often brightly colored, attracts insects and other pollinators to the flower. Flowers with no flowers or reduced flowers are typically WIND pollinated, and therefore don’t put energy into big showy petals!

Petals

Stamens Structure which produces male gametophytes. Composed of an anther and a filament.

Stamen -> the male part of the flower Anther Filament a long thin stalk that supports an anther producing haploid male gametophytes – pollen grains. Stamen

Pistil The innermost floral parts which produce the female gametophytes

Parts of the Pistil Stigma – the sticky top portion of the style Ovary Style Stigma Style– narrow stalk of the pistil Ovary– broad base of the pistil that contains one or more ovules where female gametophytes are produced. Pistil

Pistil or Carpel Once fertilized the mature ovary produces/ turns into the fruit! Ovary Style Stigma Pistil

Ovule Ovule is the female gametophyte. When fertilized the ovule becomes the mature seed. There are generally many ovules inside each ovary, which in turn produces many seeds.

Floral Structure

Be able to draw the female structure of the flower, labeling all the parts, and what they become. Be able to draw the male structure of the flower, label all the parts and describe their functions.

1.Why have plants changed over time?

MonocotsDiocots SeedsOne cotyledonTwo cotyledons LeavesVeins parallelVeins in a net pattern FlowersFlower parts in 3sFlower Parts in 4s or 5s StemsVascular bundles scatteredVascular bundles in ring RootsXylem and phloem in a ringRoot phloem between xylem