UNIT 6 IMAGE AND INDENTITY  BODY DECORATION  FEELING  REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS AND EACH OTHER  HAVE / GET SOMETHING DONE  DEFINING AND NN DEFINIG RELATIVE CLAUSES

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS WHY? – When the subject and the object are the same – What does she see? – The baby sees HERSELF in the mirror SUBJECT VERB OBJECT REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS EACH OTHER

What is he doing? He is taking HIMSELF A PICTURE The word“ selfie” is taken from the suffix SELF

SUBJECT PRONOUNS REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS IMYSELF YOUYOURSELF HEHIMSELF SHEHERSELF ITITSELF WEOURSELVES YOUYOURSELVES THEY THEMSELVES PAY ATTENTION

Now is your turn Fill the gaps – I wash ……………. – He washes …………….. – She is looking at ……………………….. In the mirror – They are teaching ………………….. English! MYSELF HERSELF THEMSELVES HIMSELF

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS EACH OTHER She is eating by HERSELF

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS EACH OTHER Marge is washing HERSELF

EACH OTHER It’s a reciprocal pronoun When two or more people do the same thing We sent EACH OTHER Christmas cards. = We sent them a Christmas card and they sent us a Christmas card. The dog looked at the cat and the cat looked at the dog. =The animals looked at EACH OTHER

They are shouting EACH OTHER They are feeding EACH OTHER

Let’s check it! Hugo must be crazy! He is talking to ______________. You owe ____________ a break. Why don’t you two travel? Poli is cooking ____________ some Miojo. Bia is buying ____________ a new BMW. Claudio usually hits ____________ when he is angry. Bianca thinks she is really beautiful because she usually sees ____________ at the mirror for hours. himself yourselves herself himself herself

Reflexive or not? Francisco is hitting ____________ because he didn’t give all the exercises. Samuel is dancing with ____________. HIM HER

Beth is talking to ____________. Fred is playing with ____________. The children are enjoying ____________. HIM HER THEMSELVES

Harold loves ____________. But loves ____________. HER US

BODY DECORATION

WHY DO YOU THINK PEOPLE USE BODY DECORATION? WOULD YOU CHANGE YOUR HAIR COLOUR? WOULD YOU TATTOO SOMETHING ON YOUR BODY? WHY DO YOU THINK PEOPLE HAVE TATOOS?

Where did piercings and tattoos originate? Ears were probably first pierced for magical purposes. Many primitive tribes believe that demons can enter the body through the ear; ear piercing could prevent that from happening, because demons and spirits are supposed to be repelled by metal

BODY DECORATION RING BEADS CHAIN JEWELLERY

BODY DECORATION LIPSTICK NAIL VARNISH MAKE UP

BODY DECORATION HAIR AND SKIN HAIR DYE PIERCING MOUSTACHE BEARD TATTOO DREADLOCKS SIDEBURNS

BODY DECORATION HAIR AND SKIN HAIR DYE BEARD AND MOUSTACHE SIDEBURNS

BODY DECORATION HAIR AND SKIN DREADLOCKS

HAVE / GET SOMETHING DONE When another person does something for us because we ask or pay them – Dentists Tomorrow I am going to have my teeth checked by the dentist – Mechanichs I had my car repaired yesterday – Painters My mother will have the room painted in two days – Designers You can have the web page finished by 3:30 – Hairdressers She is having her hair dyed in this moment – Tatto artists Are you going to have a tattoo done in the back? – Photographs My sister in law will have the pictures finished in one month – Housekeeper They had the house cleaned yesterday It is made with have + noun + past participle It is made with have + noun + past participle

This woman's at the hairdresser's.

She is having her hair cut. She's getting her hair cut. She has asked the hairdresser to cut her hair.

She's at the garage (UK) / at the car repair shop (US).

She is having her car fixed/ repaired/mended. She's getting her car fixed. She has asked the mechanic to fix her car.

She's getting a manicure. She's having her nails manicured/ done. She's getting her nails manicured/ done. nails

He's at the ophtalmologist 's. He's having his eyes tested by an eye specialist. He's getting his eyes tested.

He's having his house built. He's getting his house built. He's asked the builders to build his house.

They had their kitchen redecorated. They got their kitchen redecorated.

At the hotel, you can have breakfast sent to your room.

At the dry cleaner's, you can have your clothes cleaned.

NOW, IT'S YOUR TURN She's having her hair cut. She's getting her hair cut. She's having her car fixed/mended/ repaired. She's getting her car fixed.

She's having her nails done/ manicured. She's getting her nails done/ manicured. He's having his eyes tested He's getting his eyes tested.

He's having his house built. He's getting his house built. They had their kitchen redecorated.

At the hotel, You can have breakfast sent to your room. At the dry cleaner's, you can have your clothes cleaned.

Liz and Meg are having their hair dyed. Now someone is dying their hair Mr. Singer always has his suits made at the tailor's shop. Someone always makes his suits there Jake had his groceries delivered two hours ago. Someone brought them two hours ago Diane has had her printer cartridges refilled. Someone refilled them some time in the past. We'd just had our house fumigated. Domeone had just fumigated it You should have your eyes checked. Someone should cheched your eyes Jenny will have her ears pierced. Someone will pierce her ears

GET can be used in more informal contexts – I usually get my hair done at Luigi's. Generalmente me peino en Luigi. – Martin got his tonsils removed yesterday. A Martin le extirparon las amígdalas ayer. – You must get this pipe fixed as soon as possible. Debes hacer arreglar este grifo o antes posible.

FEELINGS I feel RELAXED when I’m in the beach It was RELAXING to know that I had passed all my exams She was SURPRISED for the presents she received It was SURPRISING to see Peter in the party WHAT CAUSED THE FEELING? HOW DO YOU FEEL? WHAT CAUSED THE FEELING?

Verbs – You can see an –ING form or an –ED form without being a gerund or a past tense, acting as an adjective Pete is always surprising me with presents -ed adjectives – I was suprised by the results of the exam - ing adjectives – The exam’s results were surprising

ING adjectives refer to what causes the feeling – Exams are frightening ED adjectives refer to how you feel – I felt frightened during the exam

You are bored if something is boring You are stressed if something is stressing My job is boring, interesting, tiring, depressing… I’m bored with my job – I’m not interested in my job My job makes me depresssed what causes the feeling How you feel what causes the feeling How you feel

VERBED edjectiveING adjective Frighten Bore Relax Surprise Embarrass Annoy Excite Worry Shock Interest Frightened Bored Relaxed Surprised Embarrassed Annoyed Excited Worried Shocked Interested Frightening Boring Relaxing Surprising Embarrassing Annoying Exciting Worrying Shocking Interest ing

DEFINING AND NON DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES WHO WHICH THAT WHERE WHEN WHOSE

USES They make reference to the person, object, idea or place we are talking about RELATIVE PRONOUNSTHEY REFER TO …. WHO The boy who lives next door is Mery’s brother People Mery’s brother WHICH That book which is about the Second World War is amazing Things/Ideas/Animals….. The book WHERE/ IN WHICH Granada is a city. I grew up there Granada is the city where/ in which I grew up Places Granada WHEN Summer is a season. We go to the beach then Summer is the season when we go to the beach Time Summer WHOSE That is the girl. Her cat was barking yesterday That is the girl whose dog was barking yesterday Possession His/her…

Remember: WHO refers to people and WHICH refers to animals, things, … “THAT” sometimes can replace WHO and WHICH (in Defining Relative Clauses ): Did you know the girl WHO/THAT came to the party yesterday? The book WHICH/THAT I’m reading is very interesting. You will learn that sometimes they can be ommited They can also go after a preposition: - I’ve found the keys for (WHICH/THAT) I was looking. => I found the keys I was looking for. - Who was the boy to (who) you were talking ? => Who was the boy you were talking to ?

WHEN shows Time: - I will never forget the day + I met my best friend that day I’ll never forget the day (WHEN/THAT) I met my best friend. WHERE refers to Places: -This is the hotel + We are staying at the hotel next weekend: This is the hotel WHERE we are staying next weekend. - The city is interesting + my sister is living in the city: The city WHERE my sister is living is interesting. (WHEN can also be omitted in Defining Relative Clauses).

WHOSE shows Possession and it replaces a Possessive adjective or an ’s possessive: - The man was crying + His house was on fire: The man WHOSE house was on fire was crying. - Have you met the people? + Their son is moving to Washington: Have you met the people WHOSE son is moving to Washington ?

DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES They give essential information about people, things or places in the main clause This is the CD which everyone is talking about. We can use THAT instead of which/who I hate people who never listen She is living in the house where I was born That’s the dog whose owner is a famous actor This is the book which I gave you

Form No commas in defining relative clauses. THAT can replace who or which. She’s the woman that works with my mother. This is the book that I told you about. Who, which, that and when can be omitted when they are the object, e.g. There’s the man that the police have been looking for. Whose and where can’t be omitted.

NON DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES They give extra information about people, things or places in the main clause. The extra information is not essential. Robbie Williams’ Millennium, which is one of his most successful singles, was released in They are marked by commas We can’t use THAT instead of which/who

Form In non-defining relative clauses we put a comma before and after the main clause.. THE RELATIVE PRONOUN CANNOT BE OMITTED. THAT can’t be used Mark Smith, who lives next door to us, plays in a band.

DEFINING AND NON DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES DEFININGTHAT WHO WHICH WHERE WHEN WHOSE NO COMMASWHO WHICH THAT CAN BE OMMITED NON DEFININGWHO WHICH WHERE WHEN WHOSE WITH COMMAS CAN’T BE OMMITED

DEFINING AND NON DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES Compare: -The neighbours who live next door are very friendly. -My neighbours, who live next door, are brothers - I enjoyed the film ( which/that ) you recommended. - I enjoyed Little Miss Sunshine, which you recommended. DEFINING NON DEFINING DEFINING NON DEFINING Specifing the neighbour

- “Peter is the student”+ “He comes from Glasgow”: “Peter is the student WHO comes from Glasgow ”. - “The books are on the table” + “They are mine”: “The books WHICH are on the table are mine”. - “I’ve just met Tom” + “Tom seems to be a nice guy”: “I’ve just met Tom, WHO seems to be a nice guy ” -“I’d love to visit London”+ “It is a beautiful city”: -“I’d love to visit London, WHICH is a beatiful city ” LET’S MAKE THESE SENTENCES

Exercise The watch is mine. You saw the watch in the drawer The girl is my cousin. Ben talked to the girl. The park is beautiful. The park is next to our school. The watch which (that) you saw in the drawer is mine. The girl whom (that) Ben talked to is my cousin. The park which (that) is next to our school is beautiful.

The dictionary is useful. I bought the dictionary yesterday. The problem is difficult to solve. We are facing the problem. The dictionary which (that) I bought yesterday is useful. The problem which (that) we are facing is difficult to solve.

A murderer is a person. A person committed a murder. A murderer is a person who committed a murder. The defending lawyer made a good impression. He spoke with great conviction. The defending lawyer, who spoke with great conviction, made a good impression.

1.Peter Wong is leaving school. He wants to be a pilot. Peter Wong, who wants to be a pilot, is leaving school. 1.Have you seen Susan? His father lives next to my mother. Have you seen Susan, whose father next to my mother Jacky Chan is a famous actor. Many people know him. Jacky Chan, who many people know, is a famous actor. 1.The Rainbow Restaurant is in Central. The restaurant offers delicious Indian food. The Rainbow Restaurant, which offers delicious Indian food, is in Central. 1.John is a very good cyclist. He cycles every day. John, who cycles every day, is a very good cyclist. 1.Dr. X is an expert of adolescents. He teaches many problematic students. Dr. X, who teaches many problematic students, is an expert of adolescents. 1.My mum bought a house. She lives there. My mum bought a house where she lives. 1.Turn left at the corner. Miss Wong is there. Turn left at the corner where Miss Wong is. 1.We want to move to a house. It has a garden. We want to move to a house which has a garden.