Objectives Enabling students  To understand the concept of Grammar  To identify the kinds of sentences  To analyse sentence in terms of subject and predicate  To understand phrases and clauses, and  To identify different kinds of phrases and clauses.

Grammar Definition 1.“The rules that say how words are combined, arranged and changed to show different meanings.” ( Michal Swan) 2. “The rules in a language for changing the form of words and combining them into sentences.” ( Oxford Dictionary)

The Sentence When we speak or write we use words. A group of words which gives a complete sense is called a Sentence. 1.Ali plays football daily. 2.Where do you live? 3.Please give me a pen.

Kinds of Sentences 1. A sentence that makes a statement or assertion is called a Declarative or assertive sentence.  Ali plays football daily. 2. A sentence that asks a question is called an Interrogative sentence.  Where do you live?

Kinds of Sentences 3. A sentence that expresses a command, a piece of Advice, suggestion or request is called an imperative sentence.  Please give me a pen.  Get out from my office. 4. A sentence that expresses strong feelings or sudden emotions is called an exclamatory sentence.  What a pleasant surprise!  Hurrah, We have won the competition !

Kinds of Sentences 5. A sentence that expresses strong wish or pray for someone is called an optative sentence.  May you live long !  Would that I were a king.

Subject And Predicate 1. The part which names the person or thing we are speaking about. This is called the Subject of the sentence. 2. The part which tells something about the Subject. This is called the Predicate of the sentence.

Subject And Predicate Ali eats an apple daily. Ali Subject eats an apple daily. Predicate

Phrase A group of words, which makes sense, but not complete sense, is called a Phrase. Examples:  The sun rises in the east.  It was a sunset of great beauty.  The cat sat on a wall.

Clause A group of words which forms part of sentence and contains a Subject and a Predicate is called a Clause. Examples:  We can not start while it is raining.  He has a chain which is made of gold.

Kinds of Phrases 1.Adjective phrases 2.Adverb phrases 3.Noun phrases

1. Adjective Phrase An Adjective phrase is a group of words that does the work of an Adjective.  He was a man of great wealth.(Wealthy)  I like to see a face with a smile on it. (smiling face)  I saw a boy with blue eyes. (blue-eyed boy)

2. Adverb Phrase An Adverb phrase is a group of words that does the work of an Adverb.  Rama ran with great speed. (How?)  He is coming at this very moment.(When?)  You can buy it in all places.(Where?)

3. Noun Phrase A noun phrase is a group of words that does the work of a noun.  The boy wants to go to home.  I hope to win the first prize.  We enjoyed playing games.  I don’t expect bad manners.

Kinds of Clauses 1.Adverb Clause 2.Adjective Clause 3.Noun Clause

1. Adverb Clause An Adverb Clause is a group of words which contains a Subject and a Predicate of its own, and does the work of an adverb clause.  They rested at sunset. (Phrase)  They rested when evening came. (Clause)

2. Adjective Clause An Adjective Clause is a group of words Which contains a Subject and a Predicate of its own, and does the work of an adjective.  The umbrella with a broken handle is mine. (Phrase)  The umbrella which has a broken handle is mine. ( Clause)

3. Noun Clause A Noun Clause is a group of words which contains a Subject and a Predicate of its own, and does the work of a noun.  I expect to get a prize. ( phrase)  I expect that I shall get a prize. (Clause)