Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand “One day the great European War will come out of some damned foolish thing in the Balkans (1888).” ― Otto von BismarckOtto von Bismarck “One day the great European War will come out of some damned foolish thing in the Balkans (1888).” ― Otto von BismarckOtto von Bismarck Gavrilo Princip Austro-Hungary’s Response 1.Censor all publications that hate Austro-Hungary 2.End the secret society of the “black hand” 3.Austro-Hungary will investigate and bring to trial all accessories to the plot. 4.Prevent and persecute the movement of weapons across the border.

What’s Really Going on? A.Balkan Wars against the Ottomans gave Balkan states independence and military victories. B.There was talk of Serbia and Bosnia splitting up other Balkan states to increase their power. C.Russia wants access to the Mediterranean Sea D.Austro-Hungary wants to control Balkan Independent states E.Serbians want to control areas in Astro-Hungary where Serbians live F.Ottomans want their Balkans back

New Methods and Mobility Trench warfare Airplanes Industrialized military: Better guns, cannons, shells, barbed wire Tanks Poison gas U-boats

New Methods and Mobility Tank Production Year UKFranceGermanyItalyUSA , ,3914,

Definition of Total War Conflict in which the participating countries devote all of their resources to the war effort Aspects of Total War Mandatory military conscription (a.k.a. the draft) Control of the economy & nationalization of industry Rationing of food and other essentials The Home Front Women, children, ethnic minorities, etc. are considered a vital part of the war effort Propaganda World War I was a Total War New Methods and Mobility:

The Home Front Women in the Great War Factory workers, nurses, farmers Strengthens suffrage movements

WWI Propaganda Posters

The Home Front Rationing Food Shortages Diets Change Left: German bread ration card Above: U.S. Food Administration propaganda posters

The Home Front Women in the Great War Factory workers, nurses, farmers Strengthens suffrage movements

WWI Propaganda Posters

The Home Front Rationing Food Shortages Diets Change Left: German bread ration card Above: U.S. Food Administration propaganda posters

The Great War was a “global” war

Colonial Soldiers Sikh Soldiers from India Chinese Troops in Greece African Soldiers in German East Africa

The Ottoman Empire: Balkan Wars Ottomans continually trying to regain land in the Balkans Young Turks Nationalist Movement: Get involved in Algeria, modernize armies by having ships built in Britain, see Germany as a better source of alliance WWI = Jihad ?

Governments used Art, Propaganda, Political Speeches to mobilize all their resources.