Chapter 19, Section 4 Struggles for Justice

African Americans After Reconstruction, African Americans in the South lost many rights. They also faced discrimination in the North. Jim Crow Laws led to segregation in public places. Landlords refused to rent homes in white areas. Restricted to the worst housing and poorest jobs.

Famous African Americans Booker T. Washington- founded the Tuskegee Institute. Advised African Americans to learn trades to move up in society. W.E.B Du Bois- reformer who helped create the (NAACP). He urged African Americans to fight discrimination. Ida B. Wells- fought against lynching, or murder by a large group of people.

The Tuskegee Institute

Mexican Americans Before 1900, half a million lived in the U.S. Like African Americans, they faced legal segregation. In 1910, revolution and famine swept Mexico. Mexican Americans created barrios, or ethnic Mexican American neighborhoods. Formed mutualists, or mutual aid groups. Some mutualists put their money together to pay for insurance and legal advice. They collected money for the sick/needy.

Asian Americans More then 100,000 Japanese entered the United States in the early 1900s. Most went to Hawaii to work on sugar plantations.

Asian Americans Continued In 1906, the city of San Francisco forced Asian students to attend separate schools. This led to a compromise called the Gentlemen’s Agreement between the U.S. and Japan.

The Gentlemen’s Agreement Japan - Would stop any more workers from going to the United States. United States - Allowed Japanese women to join their husbands who were already in the country.

Religious Minorities Nativist groups worked to restrict immigration. Jews, and Catholics faced discrimination in jobs and housing. American Catholics set up parochial schools. American Jews set up the Anti-Defamation League. Worked to fight against anti-Semitism.