U.S HISTORY Standard 4 review

USHC-4 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the industrial development and the consequences of that development on society and politics during the second half of the nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries.  

USHC 4.1 Summarize the impact that government policy and the construction of the transcontinental railroads had on the development of the national market and on the culture of Native American peoples.

Impact of the Transcontinental Railroad Railroads Impact on Business Railroads Impact on Native Americans Action Impact Acquisition of Western lands Railroads move to build Transcontinental Railroad Reservation system Government Policies that aided railroad construction 1. Land Grants Subsidies For the Railroads….. Cheap land   Cheap money Transcontinental Railroad Assimilation of the Native Americans

Transcontinental Railroad Rise of New Industries   Building the Transcontinental Railroad Rise of New Industries 1. Coal 2. Steel 3. Lumber 4. Railroad Cars 5. Meatpacking Arrival of Western Settlers Accelerate assimilation through Severalty New Industries Rise of the National market Destruction of the Indian Reservation System Land is divided among Native American Families

USHC-4.2 Analyze the factors that influenced the economic growth of the United States and its emergence as an industrial power, including the abundance of natural resources; government support and protection in the form of railroad subsidies, tariffs, and labor policies; and the expansion of international markets.

Factors that Influenced U.S. Economic Growth ACTION IMPACT Natural Resources 1.iron ore 2.coal 3.lumber Building of the Transcontinental Railroad.   RAW materials for Industry Government Support Subsidies to RAILROADS Free LAND to settlers Cheap LOANS to Railroad Companies Westward MIGRATION PROTECTIVE Tariff HIGH tariffs on imports Protected AMERICAN industry from foreign COMPETITION

Factors that Influenced U.S. Economic Growth Labor Policy RELAXED immigration policies   Government BREAKS UP strikes ABUNDANCE of labor Protect the BUSINESS owners Development of International Markets Expansion into the PACIFIC Annexation of HAWAII Spanish American WAR New MARKETS to sell U.S. markets

USHC-4.3 Evaluate the role of capitalism and its impact on democracy, including the ascent of new industries, the increasing availability of consumer goods and the rising standard of living, the role of entrepreneurs, the rise of business through monopoly and the influence of business ideologies.  

Rise of Entrepreneurs and Big Business Entrepreneurs used new TECHNOLOGY and business TACTICS to create corporations that controlled their industry.

How They Made Their Money Andrew CARNAGIE John ROCKEFELLAR Business U.S STEEL Business STANDARD OIL VERTICAL Integration Controlling all aspects of production HORIZONTAL Integration “Buying Out the Competition” Tactics Used: PURCHASED MINES, PURCHASED RAILROADS. CREATED A MONOPOLY   Tactics Used: KICKBACKS, REBATES, UNDERCUT THE COMPETITION

How They Made Their Money Justified by : SOCIAL DARWINISM survival of the fittest in the business world LAISSE FAIRE hands of the economy by the government

How They Made Their Money Impact: INCREASE in the availability of consumer goods Increase in the U.S. STANDARD of living Creation of business MONOPOLIES New INDUSTRIES  

USHC-4.4 Explain the impact of industrial growth and business cycles on farmers, workers, immigrants, labor unions, and the Populist movement and the ways that these groups and the government responded to the economic problems caused by industry and business

Impact of Industrial Growth Farmers Problem Action 1. OverPRODUCTION    2. Falling PRICES   3. Farm MORTAGED Organize POLITICALLY Regulate RAILROADS Granger Laws Interstate COMMERCE Act Increase the supply of MONEY Bimetallism Creation of the POPULIST Party

Goals of the Populists: Graduated INCOME tax Secret BALLOT Popular Election of SENATORS 8 work day Regulation of RAILROADS

PIVITOL POINT Election of 1896 William Jennings Bryan’s CROSS of Gold speech….. Protect the FARMERS REPUBLICANS WIN

2. COLLECTIV E bargaining Labor First Labor Unions   1.KNIGHTS OF LABOR 2.A.F.L. Weapons of Labor 1. STRIKE 2. COLLECTIV E bargaining 3. CLOSED Shop Weapons of Business 1. YELLOW dog contracts 2. hire SCABS 3. LOCKouts 4. BLACKlists Problems Action Long HOURS UNSAFE conditions Low WAGES ABUNDANCE of labor Support the POPULIST party Formation of LABOR unions

Great Strikes Railroad Strike of 1877 Haymarket Strike Pullman Strike Causes WAGES CUT RADICALS SET OFF BOMB WORKERS STRIKE, PULLMAN CLOSED PLANT Results SENT TROOPS IN TO STOP STRIKE SET PRECEDENT TURNED PUBLIC AGAINST KNIGHTS OF LABOR SENT TROOPS TO PUT DOWN STRIKE

USHC-4.5 Explain the causes and effects of urbanization in late nineteenth-century America, including the movement from farm to city, the changing immigration patterns, the rise of ethnic neighborhoods, the role of political machines, and the migration of African Americans to the North, Midwest, and West.  

Immigration and Urbanization In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, the United States was flooded with millions of “New Immigrants” from SOUTHERN and EASTERN --NEW IMMIGRANTS Cites in the north were also flooded with FREED men from the South that moved North looking for economic opportunities

Resentment of “New Immigrants They didn’t understand ENGLISH. Their home countries lacked traditions of DEMOCRATIC government. Their religions (CATHOLIC, JEW, BUDDHIST) were largely alien to native born Americans They provided a steady supply of CHEAP LABOR, which undermined efforts by labor unions to get better wages.

In most cases, immigrants were too POOR to move beyond coastal cities, leading to the rise of densely populated ETHNIC neighborhoods. Immigrants relied on POLITICAL machines, led by party bosses, to help them find jobs.

USHC-4.6 Compare the accomplishments and limitations of the women’s suffrage movement and the Progressive Movement in affecting social and political reforms in America, including the roles of the media and of reformers such as Carrie Chapman Catt, Alice Paul, Jane Addams, and presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson.

Progressive Movement Jane Adams Started the HULL House to help immigrant families Teddy Roosevelt Progressive President “TRUST Buster” -- “SQUARE Deal” Broke up trusts and unfair business practices Pure Created the FDA FOOD And DRUG Act MEAT Inspection Act Prompted by Upton Sinclair’s publication COAL Strike Used the MILITARY to end a strike Conservation NATINAL PARKS

Woodrow Wilson CLAYTON Antitrust Act Strengthened the provisions of the Sherman Antitrust Act Federal RESERVE Act A central BANKING system created to regulate the MONETARY supply and INTERESTS RATES Jacob Riis author of How the Other Half Lives, exposed the poor conditions in urban TENAMENTS (low-rent apartments) and SWEATSHOPS, where immigrants performed cheap labor. Progressive Amendments 16th GRADUATED INCOME TAX  17TH DIRECT ELECTION OF SENATORS   18TH PROHIBITION  19th WOMAN’S SUFFRAGE