Notes 1-1 (obj 1.1 to 1.3)

 A.) Matter- What is it?  1.) has mass and occupies space  2.) atoms-building blocks of matter  3.) molecules-2 or more atoms

 A.) States of Matter  1.) gas (compressible, no fixed volume or shape)  2.) liquid (fixed volume, takes shape of container)  3.) solid (fixed volume and shape)

 B.) Homogenous Matter  1.) pure substances and solutions  2.) evenly distributed  C.) Heterogenous Matter  1.) ‘uneven’ mixture, only  D.) Substances versus Mixtures  1.) substances - elements and compounds  2.) mixtures - homogenous and heter0genous ▪ A.) two or more substances combined physically ▪ B.) may be separated physically

 E.) Compounds and Elements  1.) elements cannot be separated into more elements  2.) compounds are two or more elements chemically combined and have constant composition ▪ A.) can be separated chemically into their component elements ▪ 1.) decomposition  A.) electrolysis (eg)  F.) Types of Mixtures (all have variable composition)  1.) Homogenous – solutions and uniform mixtures  2.) Heterogenous – unevenly distributed mixtures

1. Solid rust 2. Solid brass 3. Liquid water 4. Salt water solution 5. Liquid salt 6. Solid wood

 A.) Physical Properties: describe properties of a substance that will not change its identity or composition.  1.) eg. color, odor, density, m.p., b.p., and hardness  2.) intensive versus extensive properties ▪ a.) intensive – used to identify bc does not depend on amount of substance (temp, mp, bp) ▪ b.) extensive – used to identify the amount of a substance (mass, volume)  B.) Chemical Properties: describe how a substance may change, or react, to form other substances.  1.) eg. flammability

 C.) Physical Change – a substance changes its physical appearance but not its composition  1.) any phase change  D.) Chemical Change – a chemical reaction when a substance is transformed into a chemically different substance  E.) Separation of Mixtures (3 ways to separate physically)  1.) filtration (size of particles)  2.) distillation or evaporation (b.p.)  3.) chromatography (attraction to solvent)

1. Cutting a lead sheet with scissors 2. Dissolving salt in water 3. Dissolving metal with acid 4. Adding food coloring to water 5. Melting ice 6. Melting salt 7. Freezing oxygen