Spanish Power Grows Textbook Chapter 4-1

Growth of Spanish Power

Section Vocabulary Hapsburg Empire: Holy Roman Empire and the Netherlands (Germany) Hapsburg Empire: Holy Roman Empire and the Netherlands (Germany) Absolute monarch: ruler with complete authority over the government and the lives of the people Absolute monarch: ruler with complete authority over the government and the lives of the people Divine right: belief that the authority to rule comes directly from God Divine right: belief that the authority to rule comes directly from God Armada: naval fleet Armada: naval fleet

Charles V—2 crowns? 1516: grandson of Ferdinand and Isabella, Charles I, inherits the Spanish throne 1516: grandson of Ferdinand and Isabella, Charles I, inherits the Spanish throne 1519: Charles also inherits the throne of the Holy Roman Empire (Germany) 1519: Charles also inherits the throne of the Holy Roman Empire (Germany) Charles takes the name Charles V and is more commonly known this way Charles takes the name Charles V and is more commonly known this way

Problems with having two empires: Religion: Charles was a Catholic and fought to suppress Protestantism Religion: Charles was a Catholic and fought to suppress Protestantism Ottoman Empire: advances and occupation of Southeastern Europe Ottoman Empire: advances and occupation of Southeastern Europe Eventually, the empire becomes too difficult to rule and Charles gives up the thrones. Eventually, the empire becomes too difficult to rule and Charles gives up the thrones. His brother becomes Holy Roman Empire, while his son, Philip becomes the king of Spain. His brother becomes Holy Roman Empire, while his son, Philip becomes the king of Spain.

Charles gave Spain, the Netherlands, and Spain’s overseas empire to his son Philip, who became known as Philip II. He gave up his crown, divided his sizable empire, and entered a monastery in The task of ruling two scattered empires proved impossible for Charles V.

Philip II expanded Spanish influence and power during his 42-year reign. One of his main goals was to advance Spanish Catholic power in Europe. He fought many wars to this end.

Philip II solidifies power Centralizing Power: reigned as an absolute monarch who believed in divine right and desired to defend the Catholic Reformation Centralizing Power: reigned as an absolute monarch who believed in divine right and desired to defend the Catholic Reformation Battles in the Mediterranean and the Netherlands: Philip was forced to fight many battles in order to defend Catholicism in these Protestant or Muslim areas Battles in the Mediterranean and the Netherlands: Philip was forced to fight many battles in order to defend Catholicism in these Protestant or Muslim areas

He devoted most of his time to governing and made every part of the government responsible to him Philip asserted that he ruled by divine right. He believed his right to rule came from God. Philip reigned as an absolute monarch, with complete authority over Spain.

Philip fought wars in the Mediterranean and the Netherlands. His goal was to keep the Ottomans at bay. In 1571 (Battle of Lepanto), Spain defeated an Ottoman fleet off the coast of Greece. Protestants there opposed Philip’s efforts to crush their faith. Philip also battled rebels in the Netherlands for many years.

The Defeat of the Spanish The Armada sails against England: Queen Elizabeth I of England was Philip’s most powerful Protestant enemy. The Armada sails against England: Queen Elizabeth I of England was Philip’s most powerful Protestant enemy. She also encouraged the attacks of sea captains on Spanish ships to steal gold. She also encouraged the attacks of sea captains on Spanish ships to steal gold. In 1588, Philip assembled a huge armada to invade England (130 ships, 20,000 men, and 2,400 pieces of artillery). In 1588, Philip assembled a huge armada to invade England (130 ships, 20,000 men, and 2,400 pieces of artillery). However, the smaller English ships However, the smaller English ships were able to out maneuver those of Spain and they defeated the of Spain and they defeated the Spanish fleet.

An Empire Declines The defeat of the Spanish fleet marked the beginning of the decline of Spanish power. The defeat of the Spanish fleet marked the beginning of the decline of Spanish power. Philip II’s successors were not good rulers. Philip II’s successors were not good rulers. Economic problems—costly overseas ventures (Americas), neglect of farming and commerce in favor of gold and silver Economic problems—costly overseas ventures (Americas), neglect of farming and commerce in favor of gold and silver Depletion of workforce due to the expulsion of Muslims and Jews from Spain Depletion of workforce due to the expulsion of Muslims and Jews from Spain In the 1600s and 1700s, other European fleets arose and surpassed Spain’s power In the 1600s and 1700s, other European fleets arose and surpassed Spain’s power

This golden age, fostered by Philip’s patronage of the arts, lasted from 1550 to Painters El Greco painted beautiful works of religious imagery and vivid portraits of Spanish noble. Diego Velazquez- vivid portraits of Spanish royalty Writers Lope de Vega- wrote 1500 plays, witty comedies and romances Miguel de Cervantes completed Don Quixote, considered Europe’s first modern novel. It told the comic adventures of a landowner who imagines himself to be a medieval knight. Prior to the sunset of Spain’s power, however, a golden age of culture occurred.

Don Quixote