1. Bellwork: –Imagine that you are a monarch in an imaginary country. Write a statement to your subjects (the people in your country) explaining your ideas for governing: will you have the power, will you share the power, will you be lenient, will you be strict, etc. AND discuss your expectations for them as your people: what should they do for you or for their country? –Read what you wrote—are you an absolute monarch or a limited monarch?

2. The Age of Absolutism Spain and Philip II

3. The Rise of Philip II of Spain Hapsburg Dynasty n Philip II was born into the Hapsburg Dynasty the most powerful royal family in Europe n Their grandson, Charles V, The Hapsburgs became powerful under Ferdinand & Isabella who encouraged overseas exploration of the Americas Through treaty & arranged marriages, the Hapsburgs took control of the Netherlands, Austria, parts of Italy, & were always named Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand & Isabella’s grandson, Charles V, divided the Hapsburg territories into two separate kingdoms in 1555: Spain & Austria Charles V’s son, Philip II, became king of Spain in 1556

4. Philip as an Absolute Monarch n Philip II controlled every aspect of governing the Spanish Empire: –He was hard working but never accepted help from anyone –He never trusted any of his advisors (“His smile & his dagger were very close”)

5. Philip’s Accomplishments n As king, Philip controlled Spain, the Netherlands, & colonies in America but Philip took Portugal & its colonies in Africa & India too n This brought Spain great wealth, which Philip used to build a strong army & the Spanish armada n Philip used his navy to defend Catholicism against English Protestants & Ottoman Muslims

6. Spanish Armada unsuccessfully attacked Protestant England

7. Catholic Fleets Successfully Defended the Mediterranean Sea from Ottoman Muslims in the Battle of Lepanto

8. The Spanish Golden Age of Art n Under Philip, Spain entered its golden age from 1550 to 1650: –Huge supplies of gold & silver made Spain Europe’s most powerful country (mercantilism) –Artists like Diego Velázquez & El Greco showed devotion to Catholicism & their king –Cervantes wrote Don Quixote, the 1 st modern European novel

9. Philip’s Palace: El Escorial

10. The Decline of Spain n Despite his leadership, Spain declined during Philip’s rule –The influx of gold led to massive inflation & prices soared; –Spain did not manufacture anything to sell to it bought all of its goods from other countries –The Netherlands broke away from Spain in 1579 –In-breeding ended the Hapsburg Dynasty in 1700

11. The Age of Absolutism France & Louis XIV

12. The Rise of Louis XIV of France n Louis XIV was born into the Bourbon Dynasty in France Before Louis XIV was king, France was deeply divided between Catholics & French Protestants called Huguenots In 1572, Catholics led the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre of hundreds of Huguenots but failed to assassinate Henry IV who was next in line to be king Edict of Nantes Henry IV was the 1 st Bourbon king; He issued the Edict of Nantes allowing religious toleration in France Henry was assassinated in 1610 & his son Louis XIII became king but he was too young so Catholic Cardinal Richelieu ruled for him Cardinal Richelieu strengthened power of the French king by reducing the power of the nobles & Huguenots By the time Louis XIII died & his son Louis XIV became king, Richelieu had created an absolute monarchy in France

13. Louis as an Absolute Monarch n Louis XIV believed that he was the government, “L’etat c’est moi” –Louis weakened the power of the nobles by excluding them from his councils –He hired loyal bureaucrats to collect taxes & enforce his laws; He made sure they communicated with him often Sun King –He called himself the Sun King

14. Louis XIV’s Accomplishments n Louis hired Jean Baptiste Colbert to oversee the French economy: –Colbert promoted manufacturing to make France self-sufficient –He encouraged colonization & settlement in Canada n He created one of the most powerful armies in Europe

15. France’s Golden Age n Louis promoted art not to glorify God or human potential, but to glorify himself –Playwrights like Molière wrote comedies –Opera and ballet became popular –Architecture promoted the wealth of France

16. Louis XIV’s Palace: Versailles

19. The Growth of France n From 1667 to the 1680s, Louis engaged France in wars to expand his territory War of Spanish Succession n In 1700, Charles II of Spain died without an heir & Louis XIV tried to unify Spain & France; Other European nations fought the War of Spanish Succession to keep a balance of power in Europe

20. Comparing Philip & Louis

21. WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT n _________________ IS A PERFECT EXAMPLE OF AN ABSOLUTE MONARCH BECAUSE….. n Be sure to refer to how the monarch really represents our 3 characteristics of an absolute monarchy.